Associations of SLCO1B1 polymorphisms with tacrolimus concentrations in Chinese renal transplant recipients / 药学学报

The study aims to investigate the associations of SLCO1B1 polymorphisms with tacrolimus concentrations in Chinese renal transplant recipients. Blood samples and clinical data were collected from 89 renal transplant recipients with tacrolimus treatment. CYP3A5*3 genotypes were detected by PCR-RFLP method and SLCO1B1 (rs2306283, rs4149032) genotypes were detected by Agena Bioscience Mass ARRAY ® system. Trough concentrations of tacrolimus on day 7 after renal transplantation were collected from clinical data. Correlations between genetic polymorphisms and tacrolimus concentrations were analyzed by SPSS. In CYP3A5 nonexpressers, the dose-adjusted concentration of tacrolimus in SLCO1B1 rs2306283 CC carriers was considerably higher than that in CT and TT carriers. The results illustrated that SLCO1B1 rs2306283 polymorphisms were associated with tacrolimus concentrations, and genotyping for this SNP may be usefulfo r individualized medicine of tacrolimus.

Therapeutic effects of titanium elastic nails for the treatment of clavicular fractures in elder children / 中国骨伤

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To research the application and clinical effect of titanium elastic nails (TEN) for the treatment of closed clavicular fracture in elder children.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>From October 2010 to December 2012,16 elderly children with clavicular fracture of elder children were treated with internal fixation, including 9 boys and 7 girls with an average age of 14.2 yeats old ranging from 9 to 17 years. The mean time between injury and surgery was 2 to 6 days. Thirteen patients had a transverse fractures; 3 patients had a oblique fractures, excluding the long-oblique patients. Neer function score after 3 months follow-up and the shoulder activity degree after 3 weeks followed were compared respectively between the injured side and healthy side. Fracture reduction and healing were followed up by X-rays to analyze internal fixation with TEN technique.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>All patients were healed well after surgery. There were 2 cases with soft tissue irritation. No cases of infection, TEN broken, delayed healing or skin bursting were observed. All patients were followed up for 3 to 10 months,with an average of 7.2 months. There were no significant differences (t=2.12, P>0.05) between the healthy side (98.75±2.70) and injured side(96.69±6.22)of Neer score at 3 months during followed up. The shoulder activity at 3 weeks during followed up was different between both sides (P<0.05). The intramedullary nail was removed after X-rays at 12-18 weeks during followed up showed good bone healing,and the shoulder function was recovered well.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Internal fixation with TEN for the treatment of clavicular fracture has advantages of a limited invasion, beauty, safety and reliability. This technique provides an ideal fixation option for the treatment of clavicular fracture in elder children.</p>

Effects of carbamazepine on plasma concentrations of valproic acid and its toxic metabolite in epileptic patients / 药学学报

To investigate the effects of carbamazepine (CBZ) on the plasma concentrations of valproic acid (VPA) and its toxic metabolite 2-propyl-4-pentenoic acid (4-ene VPA) in epileptic patients, the plasma concentrations of VPA and 4-ene VPA were determined, and the effect of CBZ on pharmacokinetics of VPA was evaluated. All patients had been divided into two groups (VPA group, n = 87; and VPA+CBZ group, n = 19). As compared to VPA group, the combination of CBZ significantly (P < 0.01) decreased the trough concentration of VPA [VPA group, (69.5 +/- 28.8) microg x mL(-1); VPA+CBZ group, (46.3 +/- 25.6) microg x mL(-1)] and does-adjusted VPA trough concentration [VPA group, (4.89 +/- 2.21) microg x mL(-1) x mg(-1) x kg(-1); VPA+CBZ group, (3.14 +/- 1.74) microg x mL(-1) x mg(-1) x kg(-1)]. However, the addition of CBZ did not influence the concentration of 4-ene VPA. The present study revealed that coadministration of CBZ can reduce VPA plasma concentration and may impact VPA clinical effect, therefore therapeutic drug mornitoring of VPA should be used when combined use of CBZ and VPA.

[Longevity and emergence rhythm of adult parasitoids of Coccobius asumai Tachikawa (Hymenoptera:Aphelinidae) introduced from Japan].

A series of feeding experiment and regular observation were conducted in laboratory to explore the effects of diet and temperature on the longevity of Coccobius azumai adults and their temporal rhythm of emergence. Diet had significant effects on the longevity of the adults. Without any diet supply, the mean longevity of the females and males was 1.5 d; but with the supplement of 20% honey water and of 20% honey water + fresh pine needles, the mean longevity reached 14.8 d and 11.3 d, and 17.3 d and 12.3 d, respectively. Temperature also played an important role on the longevity of the adults fed with 20% honey water. At 23 degrees C and 26 degrees C, the longevity of the females and males was obviously longer; while at 32 degrees C, the longevity was the shortest. At same temperatures, the mean longevity of the females was significantly longer than that of the males. In their circadian cycle, most of the females emerged from 11:00 to 15:00, but most males emerged from 9:00 to 12:00. Few females emerged after 18:00, and few males after 17:00. Most of the adult parasitoids enclosed from July to September. The amount of emerged adults peaked in July, and showed a fluctuant and descending trend in the subsequent August and September. Over 80% of the emerged adults were female in most days, and the males were always fluctuating in a low level in this period. A separate experiment showed that in the collection of the adult parasitoids, cloth shed was more superior to paper box. This study showed that limited energy was conserved in the parasitoids before adult emergence, and thus, supplementing suitable diet to newly emerged adults before release was necessary for prolonging their longevity and improving the efficiency of biological control. In Fujian and Guandong of China, there would be some potential disadvantage factors against the continuation of the parasitoid population, e.g., high temperature in summer, lack of temporal synchronization between the adult parasitoid females and their hosts (adult females of pine armored scale), and greatly high proportion of parasitoid females. Cloth shed benefited the collection of large amount of the parasitoids, being available in the biological control activities.