ABSTRACT
Immunoglobulin G4 (IgG4)-related disease (IgG4RD) is a relatively recently recognized entity that is histopathologically characterized by an extensive infiltration of lymphocytes and IgG4-positive plasma cells with dense fibrosis. IgG4RD is now known to affect any organ system, and a few cases of gastrointestinal lesions have also been reported. However, solitary IgG4RD of the stomach is still very rare. Furthermore, as it can mimic malignant conditions, it is important to recognize this disease to avoid unnecessary surgery. Herein, we present a case of IgG4RD presenting as an isolated subepithelial mass in the stomach.
Subject(s)
Fibrosis , Granuloma, Plasma Cell , Immunoglobulins , Lymphocytes , Plasma Cells , Stomach , Unnecessary ProceduresABSTRACT
BACKGROUND/AIMS: The combination therapy of peginterferon (PEG-IFN) and ribavirin is the standard treatment for hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. However, few trials have involved patients with cirrhosis. The purpose of this study was to elucidate the efficacy and safety of treatment with PEG-IFN and ribavirin in patients with cirrhosis associated with HCV infection. METHOD: A total of 65 patients were treated with PEG-IFN alpha-2a/ribavirin (n=32) or PEG-IFN alpha-2b/ribavirin (n=33). PEG-IFN alpha-2a and PEG-IFN alpha-2b were administered at doses of 180 microg/week and 1.5 microg/kg/week, respectively, and ribavirin was administered orally at doses of 800-200 mg. Patients with HCV genotype 1 and genotype non-1 were treated for 48 and 24 weeks, respectively. The treatment response was assessed based on the sustained virologic response (SVR). RESULTS: The early virologic response (EVR), end-of-treatment response (ETR), and SVR were 70.0%, 52.0%, and 24.0%, respectively, in genotype 1 (n=50). In genotype non-1 (n=15), the ETR was 53.3% and the SVR was 33.3%. The overall SVR did not differ with genotype (1 vs non-1, 24.0% vs. 33.3%; P=0.471) or between decompensated cirrhosis and compensated cirrhosis (20.0% vs. 27.3%, P=0.630). Ten patients developed cirrhotic complications during the treatment, and 11 stopped treatment due to treatment-related adverse events. CONCLUSION: The combination therapy of PEG-IFN and ribavirin exhibited a low efficacy in cirrhotic patients with HCV infection and was associated with frequent serious complications. However, with careful management of complications, the therapy may have a considerable efficacy in some patients with cirrhosis and HCV infection.
Subject(s)
Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Antiviral Agents/adverse effects , Drug Therapy, Combination , Genotype , Hepatitis C, Chronic/complications , Interferon alpha-2/adverse effects , Interferon-alpha/adverse effects , Liver Cirrhosis/complications , Neutropenia/etiology , Platelet Count , Polyethylene Glycols/adverse effects , RNA, Viral/blood , Retrospective Studies , Ribavirin/adverse effects , Severity of Illness Index , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
We present the case of a 34-year-old man with acute biphenotype leukemia that co-expressed B-lymphoid and myeloid antigen after the diagnosis of pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (PAP). The diagnosis of PAP was established by Periodic Acid-Schiff reaction staining on the Video Associated Thoracoscope guided lung biopsy and biphenotype leukemia was revealed by immunohistochemical stains of the blasts harvested from the bone marrow biopsy. Supposedly, PAP follows a hematologic malignancy, yet this case shows the reverse sequence.
