ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the factors related to renal impairment in patients with diabetic kidney disease (DKD) from the perspective of integrated Chinese and Western medicine.@*METHODS@#Totally 492 patients with DKD in 8 Chinese hospitals from October 2017 to July 2019 were included. According to Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) staging guidelines, patients were divided into a chronic kidney disease (CKD) 1-3 group and a CKD 4-5 group. Clinical data were collected, and logistic regression was used to analyze the factors related to different CKD stages in DKD patients.@*RESULTS@#Demographically, male was a factor related to increased CKD staging in patients with DKD (OR=3.100, P=0.002). In clinical characteristics, course of diabetes >60 months (OR=3.562, P=0.010), anemia (OR=4.176, P<0.001), hyperuricemia (OR=3.352, P<0.001), massive albuminuria (OR=4.058, P=0.002), atherosclerosis (OR=2.153, P=0.007) and blood deficiency syndrome (OR=1.945, P=0.020) were factors related to increased CKD staging in patients with DKD.@*CONCLUSIONS@#Male, course of diabetes >60 months, anemia, hyperuricemia, massive proteinuria, atherosclerosis, and blood deficiency syndrome might indicate more severe degree of renal function damage in patients with DKD. (Registration No. NCT03865914).
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 , Diabetic Nephropathies , Hyperuricemia , Kidney , Proteinuria , Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/complicationsABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To biodegrade the diesel pollution in aqueous solution inoculated with Mycobacterium and filamentous fungi.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Bacteria sampled from petroleum hydrocarbons contaminated sites in Karamay Oilfield were isolated and identified as Mycobacterium hyalinum (MH) and cladosporium. Spectrophotometry and gas chromatography (GC) were used to analyze of the residual concentrations of diesel oil and its biodegradation products.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>From the GC data, the values of apparent biodegradation ratio of the bacterial strain MH to diesel oil were close to those obtained in the control experiments. Moreover, the number of MH did not increase with degradation time. However, by using n-octadecane instead of diesel oil, the real biotic degradation ratio increased to 20.9% over 5 days of degradation. Cladosporium strongly biodegraded diesel oil with a real degradation ratio of up to 34% after 5 days treatment. When the two strains were used simultaneously, a significant synergistic effect between them resulted in almost complete degradation of diesel oil, achieving a total diesel removal of 99% over 5 days of treatment, in which one part of about 80% and another part of about 19% were attributed to biotic and abiotic processes, respectively.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The observed synergistic effect was closely related to the aromatics-degrading ability of Cladosporium, which favored the growth of MH and promoted the bioavailability of diesel oil.</p>
Subject(s)
Biodegradation, Environmental , Cladosporium , Metabolism , Environmental Pollutants , Metabolism , Gasoline , Mycobacterium , MetabolismABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the differential expression of isocitrate lyase in Penicillium marneffei phagocytized by nonstimulated and stimulated murine macrophages, and explore the role of glyoxylate pathway in pathogenesis of Penicilliosis marneffei.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Penicillium marneffei conidia and Raw264.7 cells were incubated in 16 cultures, which were divided to 4 groups for treatment with N-monomethyl-L-arginine (LNMMA, CI group), murine interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) plus lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (T group), IFN-gamma plus LPS and LNMMA (TI group), or the same volume of culture medium (C group). The transcriptional levels of isocitrate lyase were detected using real-time RT-PCR, and its expression levels detected biochemically.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The transcriptional levels of isocitrate lyase in C, CI, T, TI groups were 1.00, 1.42, 33.09, and 74.88 (P<0.05), while the expression levels were 0.06, 0.07, 0.18, and 0.93, respectively (P<0.05). The content of nitric oxide in T group was significantly higher than that in the other groups (P<0.01), but the CFU of T group was the lowest (P<0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Reactive nitrogen intermediates induced by stimulated murine macrophages restrain the expression of isocitrate lyase of Penicillium marneffei and development of Penicillium marneffei, in which process the glyoxylate pathway may play an important role.</p>
Subject(s)
Animals , Mice , Cell Line , Fungal Proteins , Genetics , Gene Expression Profiling , Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic , Gene Expression Regulation, Fungal , Host-Pathogen Interactions , Interferon-gamma , Pharmacology , Isocitrate Lyase , Genetics , Lipopolysaccharides , Pharmacology , Macrophages , Allergy and Immunology , Microbiology , Nitric Oxide , Allergy and Immunology , Penicillium , Genetics , Allergy and Immunology , Physiology , Phagocytosis , Allergy and Immunology , Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction , omega-N-Methylarginine , PharmacologyABSTRACT
To assay the influence of dendritic cells(DCs)on the function of anti-infective immunity to Penicillium marneffei.DCs were generated from peripheral blood mononuclear cells(PBMC)and pulsed with Penicillium marneffei yeasts.DCs morphology was observed by the inverted microscope and cell surface markers of DCs were analyzed by flow cytometry.The concentrations of IL-12p70 were detected by ELISA. Mixed lymphocyte reaction was performed to assay the proliferation of T cells.The mRNA of CCR7 and CXCR4 were detected by the Real-time PCR quantifications.The acquired DCs exhibited irregular appearance and numerous long dendrites under light microscope.DCs and Penicillium marneffei yeasts were co-cultured for 24 h,numerous yeasts were observed inside the cells;an enhanced expression of the cell sur-face markers CD86、CD83、HLA-DR and CD40 were demonstrated;the expression of CCR7 and CXCR4 mRNA were also increased;the improved proliferation of T cells were observed in the mixed lymphocyte reaction.Yeasts-pulsed DCs secreted more IL-12p70 than that of non-pulsed,but less than that of LPS-pulsed DCs.DCs can engulf the Penicillium marneffei yeasts.When pulsed with Penicillium marneffei yeasts,DCs improved their expression of the co-stimulatory molecules and chemokine receptor CCR7、CXCR4,enhanced their capacity to process antigen.DCs play an important role in host defense against Penicillium marneffei infection.But the low level of the IL-12p70 production may lead to deficiency in the cell-mediated immunity against Penicillium marneffei.
