Analysis of clinical characteristics of adolescents undergoing metabolic and bariatric surgery / 国际外科学杂志

Objective:To analyze the clinical characteristics of obese adolescents undergoing metabolic and bariatric surgery for the purpose to guide clinical decision-making and practice of metabolic and bariatric surgery in adolescents.Methods:The perioperative clinical profile of 123 adolescent patients under the age of 21 years who underwent metabolic and bariatric surgery in Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University from 2018 to 2021 were extracted, and compared their clinical data with the overall data of 6807 patients in the 2021 GC-MBD Annual Report. Analyzed the clinical characteristics of adolescent weight loss metabolic surgery patients from multiple aspects such as preoperative complications, surgical methods, surgical outcomes, and follow-up. Statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS25.0 software.Results:Among adolescent bariatric surgery patients, the proportion of female patients (74.0%) was higher than that of male patients (26.0%). Except for the incidence of polycystic ovary syndrome (31.9%), which was higher than the overall rate, the proportion of other related diseases or symptoms was low and usually mild. The changes of systolic blood pressure ( Z=-5.73, P<0.001), body weight ( Z=-5.69, P<0.001), umbilical abdominal circumference ( Z=-2.40, P=0.017), glycosylated hemoglobin ( Z=-5.23, P<0.001), fasting insulin ( Z=-2.95, P<0.003), fasting C-peptide ( Z=-4.59, P<0.001), triglyceride ( Z=-2.75, P=0.006) at 3 months after operation were statistically significant compared with those before operation. The changes of systolic blood pressure ( Z=-3.42, P=0.001), body weight ( Z=-5.14, P<0.001), umbilical abdominal circumference ( Z=-2.86, P=0.004) and glycosylated hemoglobin ( Z=-2.67, P<0.008), fasting C-peptide ( Z=-2.09, P=0.037), high-density lipoprotein ( Z=-2.08, P=0.038) at 6 months after operation were statistically significant compared with those before operation. Conclusions:The outcomes of bariatric surgery in obese adolescents are similar to those in adults. The indications and timing of bariatric surgery need to be further explored. In view of the high proportion of females, poor self-management ability and low follow-up compliance of adolescent patients, it is urgent to construct a full-cycle care model suitable for adolescent patients with bariatric surgery to improve their self-management ability, follow-up compliance and long-term clinical outcomes.

Identification of effective alleles and haplotypes conferring pre-harvest sprouting resistance in winter wheat cultivars.

BACKGROUND: Pre-harvest sprouting (PHS) is a serious limiting factor for wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) grain yield and end-use quality. Identification of reliable molecular markers and PHS-resistant germplasms is vital to improve PHS resistance by molecular marker-assisted selection (MAS), but the effects of allelic variation and haplotypes in genes conferring PHS resistance in winter wheat cultivars are less understood. RESULTS: Resistance to PHS was tested in 326 commercial winter wheat cultivars for three consecutive growing seasons from 2018-2020. The effects of alleles and haplotypes of 10 genes associated with PHS resistance were determined for all cultivars and were validated by introgressing the PHS-resistance allele and haplotype into a susceptible wheat cultivar. High level of phenotypic variation in PHS resistance was observed in this set of cultivars and 8 of them were highly resistant to PHS with stable germination index (GI) of less than 25% in each individual year. Allelic effects of nine genes and TaMFT haplotype analysis demonstrated that the haplotype Hap1 with low-GI alleles at five positions had the best PHS resistance. This haplotype has the priority to use in improving PHS resistance because of its high effectiveness and rare present in the current commercial cultivars. Among 14 main allelic combinations (ACs) identified, the AC1 carrying the haplotype Hap1 and the TaSdr-B1a allele had better PHS resistance than the other classes. The introgression of Hap1 and TaSdr-B1a is able to significantly improve the PHS resistance in the susceptible cultivar Lunxuan 13. CONCLUSIONS: The effectiveness of alleles conferring PHS resistance in winter wheat cultivars was determined and the useful alleles and haplotypes were identified, providing valuable information for parental selection and MAS aiming at improving PHS-resistance in winter wheat. The identification of the PHS-resistant cultivars without known resistance alleles offers an opportunity to explore new PHS-resistant genes.

Quantitative proteomics of HFD-induced fatty liver uncovers novel transcription factors of lipid metabolism.

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has become the most common chronic liver disease, which progression is tightly regulated by transcription factors (TFs), nuclear receptors, and cellular enzymes. In this study, a label-free quantitative proteomic approach was used to determine the effect of the high-fat diet on the proteomics profile of liver tissue and to identify novel NAFLD related TFs. Mice were fed with HFD for 16 weeks to establish a NAFLD mouse model. Mice fed with normal chow diet were taken as controls. Liver samples were collected from each group for proteomics analysis. A total of 2298 proteins were quantified, among which 106 proteins were downregulated, while 256 proteins were upregulated in HFD-fed mice compared with the controls with fold change more than 1.5 and p value less than 0.05. Bioinformatic analysis revealed that metabolic-related functions and pathways were most significantly enriched. A subgroup of 11 TFs were observed to share interactions with metabolic-related enzymes and kinases by protein-protein interaction analysis. Among them, 7 TFs were selected for verification, and 3 TFs were finally validated, including Rbbp4, Tcea1, and ILF2. Downregulating each of the 3 TFs could significantly promote lipid accumulation in AML12 hepatocytes, by regulating the expression of fatty acid synthesis- or ß-oxidation-related genes. In contrast, overexpression of Tcea1, Rbbp4, and ILF2, respectively, could ameliorate hepatocyte steatosis. These findings propose novel lipid metabolism related TFs, which might have potential roles in preventing NAFLD.

Serum levels of miR-134 and miR-146b in elderly patients with acute ischemic stroke and their prognostic value / 中华老年医学杂志

Objective:To investigate the prognostic value of serum levels of miR-134 and miR-146b in elderly patients with acute ischemic stroke(AIS).Methods:A total of 162 elderly patients with AIS admitted to the Third People's Hospital of Haikou from January 2017 to October 2019 were enrolled.According to modified Rankin Scale(mRS)scores, they were divided into the good prognosis group(n=98, mRS score≤2)and the poor prognosis group(n=64, mRS score>2). Based on the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale(NIHSS), patients were divide into the mild group(n=46, NIHSS score<5), moderate group(n=75, 5≤NIHSS score≤20), and severe group(n=41, NIHSS score>20). Real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR was used to detect serum levels of miR-134 and miR-146b in each group.Multivariate logistic regression was used to analyze risk factors for poor prognosis in elderly patients with AIS.The receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve was used to analyze the value of serum miR-134 and miR-146b levels in predicting poor prognosis of elderly patients with AIS.Pearson correlation was used to analyze the correlations of serum levels of miR-134 and miR-146b with NIHSS and mRS scores in elderly patients with AIS.Results:Serum levels of miR-134(3.26±1.13 vs.0.85±0.38)and miR-146b(2.27±0.93 vs.0.56±0.21)were higher in the AIS group than in the control group( t=14.360 and 12.527, P<0.01). Serum levels of miR-134(4.35±1.46 vs.2.28±0.85)and miR-146b(3.07±1.04 vs.1.51±0.66)were higher in the poor prognosis group than in the good prognosis group( t=13.520 and 11.242, P<0.01). Serum levels of miR-134 and miR-146b in the severe group were higher than in the moderate and mild groups( t=10.815 and 9.462, P<0.01), and they were also higher in the moderate group than in the mild group( t=13.627, 11.611, P<0.01). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that serum miR-134( OR=2.470, 95% CI: 1.603-4.927)and miR-146b( OR=1.914, 95% CI: 1.350-3.406)were risk factors for poor prognosis in elderly AIS patients( P<0.05). The ROC curve analysis showed that the optimal cut-off values of serum miR-134 and miR-146b to predict poor prognosis in elderly AIS patients were 3.84 and 2.68, respectively.The area under the ROC curve(AUC)of combined serum miR-134 and miR-146b(0.926, 95% CI: 0.865-0.987)for the prediction of poor prognosis was higher than that of either marker alone, with a sensitivity and specificity of 92.4% and 86.2%, respectively.The correlation analysis showed that serum levels of miR-134 and miR-146b were positively correlated with NIHSS and mRS scores in elderly AIS patients( r=0.806, 0.871, 0.785 and 0.842, all P<0.01). Conclusions:Increased serum miR-134 and miR-146b levels are correlated with the severity of neurological impairment and prognosis in elderly patients with AIS.Serum miR-134 and miR-146b levels together have a high value in predicting poor prognosis in elderly AIS patients.

Emphysematous cystitis: a case report / 中华泌尿外科杂志

Emphysematous cystitis is a rare inflammation of the bladder, which can be life-threatening in severe cases. A senior gentleman with emphysematous cystitis was recently admitted to our hospital. He got bilateral renal hydronephrosis and bilateral terminal pneumatosis of the ureter. The comorbidity was prostatic hyperplasia and diabetes. After indwelling catheter , glucose levels control and anti-infection treatment for 3 days, the repeated CT showed the gas inside the bladder the end of ureter decreased significantly. The blood routine, urine routine, renal function was better than before. The patient was instructed to continue anti-infection treatment. The above laboratory examination indicators returned to normal after a week's re-examination.

Analysis of the effect of different surgical methods in the treatment of uterine prolapse in the reproductive period / 中国综合临床

Objective:To investigate the therapeutic clinical effect of laparoscopic high uterosacral ligament suspension (LHUS) combined with cervical amputation and vaginal sacrospinal ligament fixation (SSLF) in the treatment of prolapse of uterus in childbearing period.Methods:From October 2011 to December 2016, the clinical data of 78 patients with uterine prolapse above grade Ⅱ treated in Department of Gynecology, Jizhong Energy Fengfeng Group Hospital were retrospectively analyzed.According to different surgical methods, the patients were divided into LHUS group (40 cases) and SSLF group (38 cases). The operation time, intraoperative bleeding volume and hospital stay of the two groups were compared by independent sample t test.Before and 6 months after the operation, the prolapse quality of life questionnaire (P-QOL), pelvic organ prolapse/incontinence sexual function questionnaire-12 (PISQ-12) and pelvic floor distress inventory-short form 20 (PISQ-20) were used.PFDI-20 and pelvic floor impact questionnaire-short 7 (PFIQ-7) were used to evaluate patients′ quality of life, sexual function and pelvic floor function.Paired t test was used to compare the above scores before and 6 months after operation in the same group.Results:There were no significant differences in operation time, intraoperative bleeding volume and hospital stay between the two groups ( t value were 1.593, 1.203 and 0.535, , respectively, all P>0.05). The preoperative P-QOL, PISQ-12, PFDI-20, and PFIQ-7 scores of patients in the LHUS group were (55.4±11.1), (25.1±4.6), (15.0±4.9), (8.9±2.8) points, and (53.7±10.5), (23.9±3.7), (14.1±4.2), (9.2±3.0) in the SSLF group.There was no statistically significant difference in the indexes between the two groups before operation (t value were 0.694, 1.265, 0.869 and 0.457, respectively, all P>0.05). The scores of P-QOL, PISQ-12 at 6 months after operation in LHUS group((87.9±12.0), (39.1±6.1)) and SSLF group((81.3±11.7), (35.6±4.0)) were significantly higher than those before operation( t value were 12.574, 11.589, 10.823 and 13.236, respectively, all P<0.001). The scores of P-QOL and PISQ-12 at 6 months after operation in the two groups were higher than those before operation((87.9±12.0), (39.1±6.1)), and the P-QOL score of LHUS group was higher than that of SSLF group 6 months after operation, the difference was statistically significant ( t value were 12.574, 11.589, 10.823 and 13.236, respectively, all P<0.001). At 6 months after operation, PFDI-20 and PFIQ-7 scores in LHUS group((2.1±0.3), (1.3±0.2) points) were significantly lower than before operation ( t value were=16.619 and, 17.123, all P<0.001). The PFDI-20 and PFIQ-7 scores in LIHUS group were lower than those in SSLF group((2.7±0.3), (1.9±0.2)) at 6 months after operation (t values were 10.096 and 13.073, respectively, all P<0.001). Conclusion:LHUS combined with cervical resection in the treatment of prolapsed uterine prolapse can effectively improve the quality of life, sexual function, and pelvic floor function.The effect is better than SSLF, which is worthy of clinical promotion.

Application of PBL combined with mind mapping and the situational teaching in cardiology teaching of rural doctors / 中华医学教育探索杂志

Objective:To explore the application effect of problem-based learning (PBL) combined with mind mapping and situational teaching in cardiology teaching of rural doctors.Methods:Twenty rural doctors of Batch 2017 and 24 rural doctors of Batch 2018 were selected as study subjects, and they were divided into the experimental group (Batch 2018) taught by PBL combined with mind mapping and situational teaching and the control group (Batch 2017) taught by traditional teaching. Classroom tests and questionnaires were used to compare the students' mastery of the teaching content, and the teaching effect and student feedback were evaluated. SPSS 18.0 was performed for t test, rank-sum test and χ2 test. Results:The theoretical results of the experimental group were significantly higher than those of the control group ( P<0.05). The scores of learning interest and initiative ( Z=-3.606, P<0.001), classroom attraction ( Z=-3.455, P=0.001), understanding ( Z=-3.757, P<0.001) and mastering ( Z=-4.259, P<0.001) in the study effect evaluation of the experimental group were significantly higher than those of the control group. The satisfaction to teachers about active classroom atmosphere ( χ2=4.556, P<0.05), flexible methods ( χ2=12.813, P<0.05), satisfaction ( P<0.05), theory with practice ( P<0.05), and thinking inspiration ( χ2=21.042, P<0.05) of the experimental group were significantly greater than those of the control group. Conclusion:PBL combined with mind mapping and situational teaching has a good effect on the teaching of cardiology of rural doctors, and it is worthy of promotion in the grassroots.

Analysis of the influencing factors of the outcome of laparoscopic conservative surgery in patients with tubal pregnancy / 中国综合临床

Objective:To investigate the influencing factors of fertility outcome after laparoscopic conservative surgery for tubal pregnancy.Methods:From October 2010 to October 2016, 253 cases of tubal pregnancy treated by laparoscopic conservative surgery in General Hospital of Jizhong energy Fengfeng Group Hospital were analyzed retrospectively.All patients were followed up from 24 to 36 months after operation to observe the intrauterine pregnancy.Logistic regression was used to analyze the influencing factors of intrauterine pregnancy.Results:After 24-36 months follow-up, the patients were not contraception and pregnant under the guidance of doctors.Among the 253 cases, 182 (71.1%) were intrauterine pregnancy, 37 (14.6%) were ectopic pregnancy, and 34 (13.4%) were not pregnant.The results of logistic regression showed that high level of hCG, severe pelvic adhesions, obstruction of fallopian tube and history of ectopic pregnancy were the risk factors of intrauterine pregnancy ( OR (95% CI) 1.982 (1.075-3.149), 2.410 (1.279-5.069), 2.485 (1.071-3.594), 5.071 (1.094-9.081), P<0.05 or P<0.01). Conclusion:The reproductive outcome of laparoscopic conservative surgery for tubal pregnancy is influenced by many factors.The high level of hCG in preoperative blood, severe pelvic adhesions, obstruction of tubal and ectopic pregnancy history are the risk factors of postoperative pregnancy.

Analysis of the influencing factors of the outcome of laparoscopic conservative surgery in patients with tubal pregnancy / 中国综合临床

Objective@#To investigate the influencing factors of fertility outcome after laparoscopic conservative surgery for tubal pregnancy.@*Methods@#From October 2010 to October 2016, 253 cases of tubal pregnancy treated by laparoscopic conservative surgery in General Hospital of Jizhong energy Fengfeng Group Hospital were analyzed retrospectively.All patients were followed up from 24 to 36 months after operation to observe the intrauterine pregnancy.Logistic regression was used to analyze the influencing factors of intrauterine pregnancy.@*Results@#After 24-36 months follow-up, the patients were not contraception and pregnant under the guidance of doctors.Among the 253 cases, 182 (71.1%) were intrauterine pregnancy, 37 (14.6%) were ectopic pregnancy, and 34 (13.4%) were not pregnant.The results of logistic regression showed that high level of hCG, severe pelvic adhesions, obstruction of fallopian tube and history of ectopic pregnancy were the risk factors of intrauterine pregnancy (OR (95%CI) 1.982 (1.075-3.149), 2.410 (1.279-5.069), 2.485 (1.071-3.594), 5.071 (1.094-9.081), P<0.05 or P<0.01).@*Conclusion@#The reproductive outcome of laparoscopic conservative surgery for tubal pregnancy is influenced by many factors.The high level of hCG in preoperative blood, severe pelvic adhesions, obstruction of tubal and ectopic pregnancy history are the risk factors of postoperative pregnancy.

Epidemiology, clinical and imaging features of pediatric patients with COVID-19: analysis of 14 cases / 中华全科医师杂志

Epidemiologic, clinical and imaging data were collected from 14 children with confirmed coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) admitted in Beijing Ditan Hospital from January 27, 2020 to February 12, 2020. There were 6 boys and 8 girls with a median age of 3.5 years (6 months-9.4 years). Four patients had a history of travel to Wuhan City or Hubei Province and 2 patients had contacted with people from Wuhan; 13 patients were familial cluster of infection. The incubation period was 4 to 16 days. The clinical manifestations were fever in 8 cases, cough in 5 cases, diarrhea in 1 case; and 2 cases were asymptomatic. Four patients had abnormal peripheral blood routine, including 1 had lymphocytosis, 3 had lymphocytopenia; 3 patients had a slightly elevated CRP, and 3 patients had hepatic dysfunction. Thirteen patients underwent chest CT; and 1 case showed bilateral lung glass exudation, 1 case showed multiple patchy high density shadows of bilateral lung. One patient underwent chest X-ray examination, which was showed no abnormal findings. The pediatric patients with COVID-19 in this series generally have a traceable epidemiological history. The clinical manifestations are fever, cough and diarrhea. Peripheral white blood cell counts were most normal. Chest CT reveals less severe changes than those in adults, most child patients show no manifestation of pneumonia.

Effects of Lianggesan on serum citrulline and intestinal fatty acid binding protein levels in patients with mechanical ventilation and gastrointestinal injury / 中国中西医结合急救杂志

Objective To observe the effects of Lianggesan on serum citrulline and intestinal fatty acid binding protein (IFABP) levels in patients with mechanical ventilation and acute gastrointestinal injury (AGI). Methods Eighty patients with mechanical ventilation and AGI admitted to Tianjin First Center Hospital from May to December 2017 were divided into a conventional treatment group and a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) treatment group according to different treatment methods, 40 cases in each group; 10 patients with mechanical ventilation but without AGI were selected as a control group. All patients were given invasive mechanical ventilation after admission, and the gastrointestinal tract intervention was carried out according to AGI grading treatment process; Lianggesan (compositions:forsythia suspensa 30 g, scutellaria 10 g, gardenia 10 g, bamboo leaf 10 g, rhubarb 10 g, mint 6 g, mirabilite 6 g, licorice 15 g) was added to the TCM treatment group on the basis of the conventional treatment. The above TCM drug used was a single Chinese medicine granule produced by Jiangyin Tianjiang Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. Each single Chinese herbal granule was proportionally poured into 200 mL boiling water at 80-100 ℃, 100 mL each time, twice daily nasal feeding for one week. The changes of serum citrulline and IFABP levels were observed before and 1, 3, 5 and 7 days after treatment in the three groups. Results Before treatment, serum citrulline levels in the conventional treatment group and the TCM treatment group were significantly lower than those in the control group (μmol/L: 19.84±4.74, 20.84±4.65 vs. 28.89±2.18, both P < 0.05), and IFABP levels were significantly higher than those in the control group (ng/L:571.89±42.89, 552.49±44.78 vs. 155.68±22.95, both P < 0.05), there were no significant differences between the conventional treatment group and the TCM treatment group (P > 0.05); with the extension of treatment time, the levels of citrulline in the conventional and TCM treatment groups were decreased first and then increased gradually, reaching the valley value on the first day of treatment [the two groups were (16.12±4.44), (18.49±4.59) μmol/L] respectively, and then increased gradually, reaching the peak value on the 7th day of treatment, the increased range of citrulline in the TCM treatment group was more obvious than that in the conventional treatment group (μmol/L: 26.77±4.18 vs. 22.75±3.07, P < 0.05), and the treatment lasted for 5 days, and 7 days, the level of citrulline in the TCM treatment group was close to that in the control group; the IFABP levels in the conventional treatment group and the TCM treatment group were increased first and then decreased gradually, reaching the peak value on the first day of treatment [the two groups were (654.23±63.24), (630.32±49.11) ng/L] respectively, and then decreased gradually, reaching the trough value on the 7th day of treatment, the degree of decrease in the TCM treatment group was more obvious than that in the conventional treatment group (ng/L: 262.21±30.89 vs. 375.43±44.43, P < 0.05), but the level of IFABP in the TCM treatment group was still significantly higher than that in the control group (ng/L: 262.21±30.89 vs. 158.95±29.34, P < 0.05). Conclusion Lianggesan can elevate the serum citrulline level, reduce the serum IFABP level, and effectively improve the intestinal function of patients with mechanical ventilation and AGI.

Effect of laparoscopic salpingotomy with suturing on prognosis of patients / 中国综合临床

Objective To investigate the effect of laparoscopic salpingotomy with suturing on prognosis of patients.Methods One hundred and thirty two cases patients of laparoscopic salpingotomy and embryo extraction in our hospital from October 2015 to Febrary 2017 were were divided into observation group (68 cases) with suturing and control group (64 cases) without suturing according to the operation procedure.The patency of fallopian tube was observed at 3 months after operation and the intrauterine gestation rate and recurrent ectopic pregnancy rate were observed 1 years after operation in two groups.Results The fallopian tube patency in the observation group and the control group was 58 cases (85.3％) and 39 cases (60.9％) respectively at 3 months after operation.7 cases (10.3％) and 12 cases(18.8％) of the fallopian tube were not smooth in the observation group and the control group respectively at 3 months after operation.The fallopian tube obstruction in the observation group and the control group was 3 cases (4.4％) and 13 cases (20.3％) respectively at 3 months after operation.The patency rate of fallopian tube in the observation group was higher than that in the control group (Z =6.215,P ＜ 0.05).The intrauterine gestation rate (69.1％ (47/68)) in the observation group was significantly higher than that in the control group (37.5％(24/64)) 1 years after operation and the difference between the two groups was statistically significant (x2 =5.41,P ＜0.05).The rate of recurrent ectopic pregnancy in the observation group (10.3％(7/68)) was significantly lower than that in the control group (26.6％(17/64)) and the difference between the two groups was statistically significant (x2 =4.826,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion The laparoscopic salpingotomy with suturing can improve the patency rate of the fallopian tube and the rate of intrauterine gestation and reduce the rate of recurrent ectopic pregnancy in the patients after the operation.

Multivariate analysis of laparoscopic conservative surgery for persistent ectopic pregnancy after tubal pregnancy / 中国综合临床

Objective To investigate the influencing factors of persistent ectopic pregnancy (PEP) after laparoscopic conservative surgery for tubal pregnancy.Methods Three hundred and one cases of tubal pregnancy treated by laparoscopic conservative surgery in Jizhong energy Fengfeng Group Hospital from October 2007 to October 2017 were divided into PEP group ( 21 cases) and non PEP group ( 280 cases) according to whether PEP occurred after operation.The age,menopause time and preoperative serum of the two groups were analyzed.The levels of beta?human chorionic gonadotropin (beta?hCG),surgical methods, corpus luteum exfoliation, methotrexate and mass diameter were analyzed.Logistic regression was used to analyze the multiple factors.Results There was no significant difference in age between the two groups.There were significant differences in the time of menopause, preoperative serum beta?hCG level, operative methods,corpus luteum exfoliation, methotrexate application and mass diameter between the two groups (P＜0.05 or P＜0.01).Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that short menopause time, high preoperative serum beta?hCG concentration, sac extrusion at the umbrella end of fallopian tube, no corpus luteum exfoliation, no intraoperative methotrexate and small mass diameter were risk factors for persistent ectopic pregnancy (OR(95%CI) were 1.476 ( 1.035～3.961),1.513 (1.391～3.017),5.301 (1.304～19.570),1.104 (1.015～2.769),1.180 (1.020～2.543),1.540 (1.181～5.120),respectively, all P＜0.05).Conclusion PEP is prone to occur in patients with tubal pregnancy treated by laparoscopic conservative surgery,such as short menopause time,small size of mass,high preoperative serum beta?hCG concentration,no corpus luteum exfoliation,no local methotrexate and umbrella sac extrusion.Therefore,the key measures to reduce the occurrence of PEP in clinic are to choose the right operation time,appropriate operation method,corpus luteum exfoliation and local injection of methotrexate.

Controlling Aedes albopictus and Culex pipiens pallens using silver nanoparticles synthesized from aqueous extract of Cassia fistula fruit pulp and its mode of action.

Mosquitoes act as key vector for transmission of devastating parasites and pathogens which affect millions of people globally. In this research, the green synthesis of silver nanoparticles of Cassia fistula fruit pulp as an innovative and operative tool against vector mosquitoes is presented. Silver nanoparticles were characterized by a series of techniques including Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Transmission Electron Microscope and confirmed by Scanning Electron Microscope, UV-Vis spectrophotometry and X-ray diffraction. Silver nanoparticles were highly effective against the larvae (I-IV instar) and pupae of Aedes albopictus and Culex pipiens pallens after 24, 48 and 72 h of treatment. Ae. albopictus had LC50 values ranging from 8.3 mg/L (I instar) to 17.3 mg/L (pupae) and LC50 ranging from 1.1 mg/L (I instar) to 19.0 mg/L (pupae) against Cx. pipiens pallens. The systemic effect of AgNPs was further assessed in the fourth instar larvae of Ae. albopictus and Cx. pipiens pallens by measuring the levels of total proteins and activity of two important marker enzymes: Acetylcholinesterase and α- and ß-carboxylesterase. Overall, the findings of the study suggest that the use of Cassia fistula-fruit pulp extract mediated synthesis of silver nanoparticles can be used for controlling vector mosquitoes. This is the first report on the mosquito larvicidal and pupicidal activity of AgNPs synthesized by Cassia fistula fruit pulp and its possible mechanism of action.

Expression of sodium iodide symporter in mammary gland tissues of rats at different lactation periods / 中华地方病学杂志

Objective To observe the changes of sodium iodide symporter (NIS) in mammary gland of rats at different lactation periods,and to explore iodine uptake mechanism.Methods Seventy-five adult Wistar rats were selected,including 60 females,15 males,weighting 220-250 g.All female Wistar rats were divided into 4 groups according to their body mass via random number table method:normal non-pregnant group,lactating for 7-,14-and 21-day groups,15 rats in each group.All rats were fed with adequate conventional fodder and tap water.In addition to normal non-pregnant group,other three groups of female and male rats were mated at 3 ∶ 1,respectively,then after lactating for 7th,14th and 21th days,mammary gland tissues were harvested.The expressions of NIS mRNA and protein were measured with real time quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR) and immunohistochemical staining,respectively.Results NIS protein was expressed in the small ductal epithelium of mammary gland and the basal lateral membrane under light microscope,obvious brown particles visible.The expression of NIS mRNA (0.79 ± 0.11,1.05 ± 0.21,0.98 ± 0.18,0.89 ± 0.16) in mammary gland showed significant differences between groups (F =5.965,P ＜ 0.05),the expressions of NIS mRNA in 7th and 14th day groups were higher than that of normal non-pregnant group (P ＜ 0.05).The expression of NIS protein in mammary gland showed significant differences between groups (H =32.747,P ＜ 0.05),the staining intensity of mammary gland tissue after lactating for 7th,14th and 21th days groups was stronger than that of normal non-pregnant rats (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions NIS is expressed in mammary gland of rats at different lactation periods.The iodine uptake of mammary gland is enhanced in early lactation period.

Synthesis and characterization of silver nanoparticles using Bacillus amyloliquefaciens and Bacillus subtilis to control filarial vector Culex pipiens pallens and its antimicrobial activity.

Culex pipiens pallens are the most common mosquito's vector in Asia. In order to protect the people from diseases, the anti-mosquito population is necessary that uses safe and new bio-pesticides such as bacteria-AgNPs. In our report, we used two kinds of bacteria to synthesize silver nanoparticles to examine the toxic effect on the larvae and pupae of Cx. pipiens pallens and also used as antimicrobial activity. The biosynthesis of AgNPs and its characterization was carried out by UV-Vis spectrophotometry, FTIR, TEM, SEM, and EDX. The larvicidal and pupicidal assays revealed that the lethal concentration LC50 values of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens-AgNPs were 0.72 ppm (I), 0.73 ppm (II), 0.69 ppm (III), 1.16 ppm (IV), and 4.18 (Pupae), while LC50 values of Bacillus subtilis-AgNPs were 0.60 ppm (I), 0.62 ppm (II), 0.21 ppm (III), 0.28 ppm (IV), and 3.46 ppm (Pupae) after 72 h of exposure. Antibacterial activity test of AgNPs reveals better results against rice pathogenic bacteria than bacteria alone. Thus, bacteria-mediated silver nanoparticles have a rapid effect on vector mosquito and microbial pathogen suggesting savings of energy and resources. Hence, bacteria-AgNPs may be used in the future as an effective weapon to control vector mosquito and harmful bacteria.

The investigation on the situation of biting pencils among part pupils in Harbin, Guangzhou, and Beijing / 中华预防医学杂志

Objective@#To investigate the prevalence of biting pencils among pupils living in Harbin, Guangzhou, and Beijing and to compare the differences among these cases.@*Methods@#Stratified sampling method was used to select four elementary schools in Harbin and Guangzhou from April 2015 to April 2016. Firstly, Simple random sampling method was used in every grade (grade 1-grade 5) to select 3 or 4 classes (71 classes in total).After the sample selection, questionnaire surveys were conducted among pupils and their guardians (anyone of their guardians) who belonged to these classes. Secondly, the study extracted part of these pupils to conduct a field survey. Every school was classified by grade, and every grade adopted the method of random sampling to select one classes (20 classes in total). Meanwhile, the study randomly selected pupils from 10 classes in 2 elementary schools in Beijing. All together, 1 627 pupils participated in the field survey. The questionnaire included general information about the students and their guardians, the situation of biting pencils, the awareness of the harm of biting pencils, etc.; the field survey considered if participates' pencils have tooth marks and the severity of the marks, etc. χ2 was applied to test and compare the differences among pupils of different genders and different cities. The comparison focused on the proportion of students who bited pencils, the proportion of pencils with tooth marks and the proportion of students and guardians already awared of the harm of biting pencils, etc.@*Results@#The number of the valid questionnaires in Harbin and Guangzhou were 1 842, and 1 210, respectively. The occurrence rate of pupils biting pencils in Harbin (18.0% (333/1 842)) was higher than that in Guangzhou (11.3% (137/1 210)) (χ2=29.16, P=0.001). Specifically, in Harbin, the rate of boys biting pencils was 21.9% (212/965), which was higher than girls (13.8% (121/877)) (χ2=27.04, P=0.001). Similarly, in Guangzhou, the rate of boys biting pencils was 14.5% (92/632), which was also higher than girls (7.7% (45/578)) (χ2=15.34, P=0.001). The awareness rate of the harm of biting pencils among students from these two cities were 88.5% (1 611/1 819), and 90.8% (1 098/1 208), respectively, and the difference was statistically significant as well (χ2=4.39, P= 0.020). Compared with these data, the awareness rate of the harm of biting pencils among guardians from these two cities were 74.7% (1 339/1 791), and 79.4% (832/1 047), respectively as well as the statistically significant difference appeared (χ2=9.83, P=0.007). The result of field survey showed the rate of tooth-marked pencils in Harbin, Guangzhou and Beijing was 30.5% (187/613), 14.8% (79/534), and 28.3% (136/480), respectively. The difference was also statistically significant (χ2=42.68, P=0.001). The degree of tooth marks was mainly mild, while the percentage of mild degree in Guangzhou (54.4%(43/79)) and Beijing (41.2% (56/136)) was apparently higher than that of Harbin (39.0% (73/187)). The difference was not statistically significant (χ2=7.01, P=0.136).@*Conclusion@#The behavior of biting pencils existed universally among pupils in Harbin, Guangzhou, and Beijing , which the situation of pupils biting pencils in Harbin and Beijing was more serious than that in Guangzhou. Pupils, parents and teachers should pay attention to such a behavior.

Effect of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus nsp1 on type Ⅰ interferon response / 生物工程学报

Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) inhibits the host typeⅠinterferon and cellular antiviral response, but its inhibition mechanism is unclear, and the roles of PEDV nonstructural proteins in regulating typeⅠinterferon responses have been seldom studied. To study the effect of nsp1 on typeⅠinterferon response, nsp1 gene was cloned into a eukaryotic expression vector pCAGGS. The expression of nsp1 in transfected cells was determined by Western blot and indirect immunofluorescence assay. The effects of nsp1 on the induction of typeⅠinterferon were evaluated by dual luciferase reporter gene assay, ELISA and VSV bioassay. Western blot and indirect immunofluorescence assay showed that nsp1 was highly expressed in transfected cells and PEDV-infected cells. Dual luciferase reporter gene assay results indicated that nsp1 strongly inhibited the IFN-β promoter activity, and the inhibitory effect was nsp1 dose-dependent. ELISA results showed that nsp1 significantly inhibited the expression of IFN-β in protein level. And VSV replication-inhibition bioassay revealed that nsp1 significantly inhibited typeⅠIFN antiviral activities induced by poly(I:C). Our results implied that nsp1 was a highly conserved protein of PEDV and exhibited antagonistic function on interferon promoter activity. The results have laid a foundation for further understanding the immune evasion mechanism of PEDV and for developing new effective vaccine against PEDV.

A 2-year follow-up investigation of social anxiety and its maternal influencing factors of peasant-worker's children in Harbin / 中华行为医学与脑科学杂志

Objective To determine the development characteristics of social anxiety of peasant-worker's children in Harbin,and explore the effect of gender,parents quarrel,parents divorced and maternal factors on social anxiety.The study provided a scientific basis for the intervention of social anxiety.Methods The children in grade 1-5 from 3 schools in Harbin were collected by random cluster sampling in 2012.Then the same questionnaire was used to track the peasant-worker's children in 2014.The questionnaire included general information,Social Anxiety Scale for Children (SASC),Egna Minnen av Bardndosna Uppforstran (EMBU),Acceptance Subscale and Psychological Control Scale.Results (1) The detection rates of social anxiety of peasant-worker's children in 2012 and 2014 were respectively 29.3％,30.2％,and the detection rates had no significant difference (x2=0.111,P=0.790).But there was significantly difference between the two years(2012:6.90±4.26;2014:5.88±4.20;t=3.419,P=0.001).Children of newly occurring social anxiety in high grade was fewer and the ability to symptom relief was better.There was no significant difference between boys and girls on newly occurring and symptom relief(newly occurring:x2=0.018,P=0.910;symptom relief:x2 =0.541,P=0.518).(2) In 2012,the differences of the detection rate of children's social anxiety on parents quarrel,parents divorced were not significant (parents quarrel:x2 =0.881,P=0.393;parents divorced:x2=0.246,P=0.658).In 2014,the detection rate of children's social anxiety on parents quarrel,parents divorced were significantly higher than children in normal families (parents quarrel:x2=11.758,P=0.001;parents divorced:x2 =9.907,P=0.004).The detection rate of children's social anxiety of divorced parents increased with age(x2 =4.398,P=0.041).(3) In 2012 and 2014,children' s social anxiety had positive correlation with mother excessive interference and over-protective,mother refusing and denying,mother punishment,and had negative correlation with mother acceptance (P＜ 0.05).In 2014,it had positive correlation with mother control and negative correlation with mother emotional warmth understanding (P＜0.05).(4) In 2012,the regression coefficient of mother refusing and denying was 0.186.In 2014,the regression coefficient of mother acceptance and control were-0.266,0.169.Conclusion Social anxiety can be spontaneous remission,and the ability was better in high grade.Parents quarrel,parents divorced and maternal factors can affect the development of peasant-worker's children' s social anxiety,which should be concerned.

Analysis of a survey results on brucellosis in high-risk areas of Urumqi / 中华地方病学杂志

Objective The main purpose is to investigate the status of brucellosis infection in high-risk areas of Urumqi and population characteristics,and to provide a basis for prevention of brucellosis.Methods In Urumqi City,Dabancheng District,Gaoxin District,Midong,Zone and Urumqi County were selected as survey sites;according to pastoral,agro-pastoral and agricultural,all towns in each survey site were classified into three categories;150 to 200 residents in each township were selected as subjects.Basic demographic information was collected,and blood samples were collected for serological detection.rose bengal plate agglutination test (RBPT) was used for preliminary screening,RBPT positive persons were further confirmed by standard tube agglutination test (SAT).Different regions,gender,age,occupation,exposure difference and brucellosis infection rates were studied.x2 test was used to compare rates.Results The infection rate was 5.42％ (29/535).Furthermore,the infection rate ofthe Dabancheng District [10.34％ (12/116)] was higher than those of Gaoxin District [2.94％ (3/102)] and Urumqi County [2.58％ (4/155),x2 =4.643,7.199,all P ＜ 0.05],the differences were statistically significant (x2 =9.327,P ＜0.05).Besides,infection rate of the average exposure occupation [8.33％ (24/288)] was higher than those of low exposure occupation [0(0/61)] and high exposure occupation [2.72％ (5/184),x2 =5.459,6.140,all P ＜ 0.05].The differences were statistically significant (x2 =10.846,P ＜ 0.05).The differences of infection rates in ages and nations showed no statistical significance (x2 =2.396,4.639,all P ＞ 0.05).Conclusions High risk areas of brucellosis are still exist in Urumqi.Health education should be strengthened in the future,in order to enhance residents' seff-protection awareness in exposed population.