Engineering RNA viruses with unnatural amino acid to evoke adjustable immune response in mice

Ribonucleic acid (RNA) viruses pose heavy burdens on public-health systems. Synthetic biology holds great potential for artificially controlling their replication, a strategy that could be used to attenuate infectious viruses but is still in the exploratory stage. Herein, we used the genetic-code expansion technique to convert Enterovirus 71 (EV71), a model of RNA virus, into a controllable EV71 strain carrying the unnatural amino acid (UAA) N{varepsilon}-2-azidoethyloxycarbonyl-L-lysine (NAEK), which we termed an EV71-NAEK virus. EV71-NAEK could recapitulate an authentic NAEK time- and dose-dependent infection in vitro and in vivo, which could serve as a novel method to manipulate virulent viruses in conventional laboratories. We further validated the prophylactic effect of EV71-NAEK in two mouse models. In susceptible parent mice, vaccination with EV71-NAEK elicited a strong immune response and potentially protected their neonatal offspring from lethal challenge similar to that of commercial vaccines. Meanwhile, in transgenic mice harboring a PylRS-tRNAPyl pair, substantial elements of genetic-code expansion technology, EV71-NAEK evoked an adjustable neutralizing-antibody response in a strictly external NAEK dose-dependent manner. These findings suggested that EV71-NAEK could be the basis of a feasible immunization program for populations with different levels of immunity. Moreover, we expanded the strategy to generate controllable coxsackieviruses and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) for conceptual verification. In combination, these results could underlie a competent strategy for attenuating viruses and priming the immune system via artificial control, which might be a promising direction for the development of amenable vaccine candidates and be broadly applied to other RNA viruses.

Research advancements of speckle tracking imaging in evaluation on septic myocardial dysfunction / 中国介入影像与治疗学

Septic myocardial dysfunction (SMD) is an organ-specific manifestation of sepsis. Early identification and intervention can significantly improve the prognosis of SMD patients. Ultrasonic speckle tracking imaging (STI) can accurately quantify myocardial diastolic function and improve diagnosis rate of SMD. The research advancements of STI in evaluating SMD were reviewed in this article.

The clinical performance of high risk HPV DNA test among triage women with cytology showing atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance / 中华预防医学杂志

Objective@#To evaluate the performance of high risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) DNA test for triage ASC-US in Chinese population.@*Methods@#The study population was from Jiyuan city in Henan Province where a cervical cancer screening cohort (4 026 women) was set up from April to July in 2017. Women with ASC-US and complete recall information of colposcope were selected as the study objects. Self-designed questionnaire was used to survey the general information and medical history of cervical cancer, thencervical cytological speciments were collected for cytodiagnosis and HPV DNA test, followed by colposcopy, lesion biopsy and histology diagnose. The diagnosis of histology was used as the gold standard. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) as well as corresponding 95% confidential interval (CI) were calculated.@*Results@#The average age of the included 393 women with ASC-US were (50.81±9.22) years old. The positivity of high risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV), HPV16 and HPV18 were 35.6%, 10.69% and 2.80%, respectively. The sensitivity, specificity, PPV and NPV for HR-HPV to detect CIN2+ were 84.38% (68.25%-93.14%), 68.70% (63.74%-73.26%), 19.29% (13.61%-26.61%) and 98.02% (95.46%-99.15%). When compared with HR-HPV, HPV16/18 had a lower sensitivity (59.38% (42.26%-74.48%)) and a higher specificity(91.14% (87.75%-93.65%)), the PPV and NPV were 59.38% (25.32%-50.98%) and 91.14% (93.61%-97.77%).@*Conclusion@#It was more effective for HR-HPV to triage ASC-US than HPV16/18. In order to improve the effect of HPV16/18, it should include more HR-HPV types which were more prevalent in Chinese population.

Relative security of health care big data protection / 浙江大学学报·医学版

With China's implementing big data strategy, health care becomes one of the key areas in which the national big data strategy is highly promoted. However, as the health care big data industry grows rapidly, the security risk is increasingly prominent and the internet plus medical care makes the protection of health care big data more complicated. By analyzing the current situation of health care big data security protection, the article proposes the viewpoint of relative security and suggests the strategies and key issues of health care big data protection. From the aspects of legal supervision, talents cultivation, publicity and education, and key data protection, it is necessary to build the prevention and control system for health care big data security, so that the security risk can be reduced and the data utility can be maximized.

Investigation on colorectal polyp recurrence and colonoscopic surveillance after polypectomy / 中国医师杂志

Objective To investigate the clinical characteristics and analyze the influencing factors of colorectal polyp recurrence after polypectomy.Methods The clinical data of colorectal polyps patients,who underwent colonoscopic polypectomy in our hospital and received a follow-up colonoscopy within 2 years [mean interval (18.8 ± 8.42) months] were collected between January 2012 and August 2015 (n =194).The polyps size,number,location,and pathology were detected.The polyps recurrence rate and influencing factors were analyzed.Results The polyps recurrence rate was 71.6％ (139/194) in 2 years.The patients,who aged ≥60 years,with adenoma number≥3,located in the left hemicolon and rectum,were easier to recurrence (P ＜ 0.05).Logistic regression analysis revealed that age and number of adenomas were independent factors of polyps recurrence whereas the sex,size,location,and pathology were not (P ＜ 0.05)during the surveillance interval.However,19.4％ nonneoplastic-polyp group and 15.5％ low-risk group turn into bad side.Conclusions The outcomes indicate that age and number of adenomas ≥3 were independent factors of polyps recurrence,whereas the size and pathological type were limited in risk stratification for patients after polypectomy.Two year may be the appropriate interval for endoscopic rescreening.

The evaluate of Paraelectronic effusion by medical thoracoscopy / 中国医师进修杂志

Objective To determine chest ultrasound locating treatment of paraelectronic effusion by medical thoracoscopy.Methods We chose 40 Xinxiang center hospital patients in respiratory wards from June 2012 to June 2014,who was randomly divided into two teams,one was electron-assisted Thoracoscopic surgery,the other was thoracic cavity closed drainage combination of intrapleural injection of urokinase.It was 3rd reviewed by chest ultrasound,we evaluated curative effection ac cording to the drainage effect,we statisticsed two draining days and total inpatient days,and total hospital costs.The results two teams were compared between gender,age,nutritional status,effusion volume (length x width x depth),pleural effusion conventional,biochemical,lactate dehydrogenase,adenosine deaminase,carcinoembryonic antigen,the difference was not statistically significant (P ＞ 0.05).Pleural fluid culture results were negative.Medical thoracoscopy treatment group hospitalization days,drainage time was significantly shorter than the thoracic drainage combined with pleural urokinase group,The same was the cost of hospitalization.Medical thoracoscopy poor drainage treatment group was significantly lower than the thoracic drainage combined with pleural urokinase group (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion To the middle-large number encapsulated paraelectronic effusion,chest ultrasound locating treatment by medical thoracoscopy early can reduce the formation of empyema,reduce the formation of pleural fiberboard.It is a safe,effective and worthy of promotion treatment.

Effect of pigment epithelium-derived factor on p38MAPK-CREB pathway and fibronectin in high glucose cultured human mesangial cells / 中华肾脏病杂志

Objective To investigate the effect of pigment epithelium- derived factor (PEDF) on p38MAPK-CREB pathway and the expression of fibronectin (FN) in human mesangial cells (HMCs) cultured with high glucose. Methods HMCs were treated with different concentrations of glucose and the osmotic control respectively in the presence or absence of PEDF for 24 h:normal glucose (5.6 mmol/L),24.4 mmol/L mannitol,high glucose (30 mmol/L),high glucose+PEDF(30 mmol/L glucose with 10 nmol/L PEDF,40 nmol/L PEDF or 100 nmol/L PEDF).After samples were collected,the expression of phospho-p38MAPK (p-p38) and p-CREB was assessed by Western blotting,while FN mRNA and protein expression was assessed with RT-PCR and ELISA respectively. Results In contrast to normal glucose and mannitol treatments,the expression of p-p38MAPK,p-CREB and FN increased significantly in high glucose group (all P＜ 0.01).However,PEDF abolished the up-regulation of p-p38MAPK,p-CREB and FN induced by high glucose (all P＜0.05). Conclusion PEDF may inhibit fibrosis through P38MAPK-CREB pathway in diabetic nephropathy.