ABSTRACT
PIP: 25,000 contracepting women attending family planning facilities in 1 3 clinical units in the United States and Puerto Rico have been enrolled in a study to determine the relationship, if any, of method of contraception to cervical dysplasia. Although the investigators are not yet in a position to report on any association or nonassociation, certain aspects of the study are described. Personal characteristics of those patients with dysplasia or cancer of the cervix detected at the time of enrollment will be compared, retrospectively, in the months ahead with the characteristics of the remainder of the cohort. The scope of work involved in defining the "prevalence" cases encompases retesting patients whose enrollment smears were diagnosed cytologically as unsatisfactory, neoplasm uncertain, or mild to moderate dysplasia. T he screening technique of 2 sequential cervical scrapings results in an increase of 50% of cytologically detected cases as compared with a single scrape. Approximately 80% of pill acceptors are 29 years old or less compared with 70% of the IUD users and 50% of the users of other methods. The pill acceptors comprise 51% of the total group, the IUD users, 31%, and users of other methods, 19%. It appears that in this analysis choice of contraception as a possible variable of cervical neoplasia rates will not be confounded with age at first coitus.^ieng
Subject(s)
Contraceptives, Oral/adverse effects , Hyperplasia/chemically induced , Uterine Cervical Diseases/chemically induced , Adolescent , Adult , Coitus , Epidemiologic Methods , Ethnicity , Female , Humans , Intrauterine Devices/adverse effects , Precancerous Conditions/chemically induced , Precancerous Conditions/epidemiology , Puerto Rico , Sexual Behavior , Social Class , Socioeconomic Factors , United States , Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/diagnosis , Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/epidemiology , Vaginal Smears , Voluntary Health AgenciesABSTRACT
PIP: To date, 2 synthetic estrogens and 8 progestogens have been incorporated in the marketed oral contraceptives (OCs) in the US. At present 21 pills are available representing 14 different estrogen and progestin combinations and 1 minidose progestogen (alone). 2 OCs utilizing substituted progesterone as the progestin component have been withdrawn from the market. All of the OCs now available in the US utilize substituted testosterone as progestins. The trend is toward prescribing low estrogen dose OCs perhaps resulting from the statistical relationship between higher estrogen dose OCs and thromboembolism.^ieng
Subject(s)
Contraceptives, Oral/pharmacology , Androgens/pharmacology , Androstenedione/metabolism , Chlormadinone Acetate/pharmacology , Contraceptives, Oral/classification , Estradiol/metabolism , Estrogens/pharmacology , Estrone/metabolism , Ethinyl Estradiol/metabolism , Female , Follicle Stimulating Hormone/metabolism , Genitalia, Female/analysis , Humans , Luteinizing Hormone/metabolism , Pregnenolone/metabolism , Progestins/pharmacology , Proteins/analysis , Testosterone/metabolism , Time FactorsABSTRACT
PIP: The article is a brief historical account of the birth and development of steroidal contraception. Over 400 oral contraceptive agents have been and/or are in use. Attention is called to particular medical writers who have composed excellent historical accounts of the development of the synthetic estrogens and progestins used in commercial and investigative oral contraceptives.^ieng
