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1.
PCN Rep ; 3(2): e220, 2024 Jun.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38915853

ABSTRACT

Aim: Various factors are thought to be involved in the development of depression, but the mechanisms are not yet clear. Although several reports have demonstrated that parental attitude experienced in childhood, depressive rumination, and sleep disturbances each influence depressive symptoms, and the association between two of these four variables, to our knowledge, no reports to date have investigated the association among the four variables. Methods: A questionnaire survey was administered to 576 adults who agreed to participate in this study between April 2017 and April 2018. Questionnaires assessed parental attitudes experienced in childhood, depressive rumination, sleep disturbances, and depressive symptoms in adulthood. The associations among the four variables were tested by structural equation modeling. Results: Regarding the direct effects, the parental attitude of "care" had a negative influence on depressive rumination and depressive symptoms, whereas "overprotection" had a positive influence on depressive rumination. Depressive rumination had a positive influence on sleep disturbance and depressive symptoms, whereas sleep disturbances had a positive influence on depressive symptoms. Regarding indirect effects, depressive rumination mediated the association between parental attitudes and sleep disturbances or depressive symptoms. Furthermore, sleep disturbances mediated the association between depressive rumination and depressive symptoms. Care and overprotection showed opposite effects. The goodness of fit of this model was high. Conclusion: The results of this study demonstrated that there were associations among the four variables. Clinical assessment and intervention of depressive rumination and sleep disturbances that are closely associated with previous parental attitudes may lead to an improvement of depressive symptoms.

2.
Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat ; 20: 1131-1138, 2024.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38803820

ABSTRACT

Background: The experience of peer victimization in childhood increases the risk of developing anxiety disorders and depression, risk of suicide, as well as sensitivity to stress, in adulthood. Various personality traits are known to be associated with these effects. However, the influence of trait anxiety on job stress has not yet been reported. In the present study, we tested the hypothesis that the experience of peer victimization in childhood and trait anxiety influence job stress in adulthood. Methods: A questionnaire survey, including State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, Childhood Victimization Rating Scale, and Brief Job Stress Questionnaire, was administered to 566 adult workers. The interrelationship between multiple variables was analyzed by multiple regression analysis and path analysis. Results: In the path model, childhood peer victimization had a positive direct effect on trait anxiety and the psychological and physical stress response (PPSR). Trait anxiety had a positive direct effect on job stressors and PPSR, and job stressors had a positive direct effect on PPSR. Regarding indirect effects, childhood peer victimization had a significant adverse effect on job stressors and PPSR via trait anxiety. Conclusion: Our results showed that childhood peer victimization has a negative impact on job stress in adulthood, which is influenced by trait anxiety. Interventions to address peer victimization in childhood and trait anxiety may reduce job stress in adulthood, and thus contribute to improved occupational mental health and productivity in the workplace.

3.
Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat ; 20: 877-884, 2024.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38645712

ABSTRACT

Background: Subjective social status influences anxiety, but at present, the mechanism is not fully understood. It has been reported that negative childhood experiences, such as abuse, can influence depressive symptoms through subjective social status and personality traits, such as self-esteem. A similar mechanism is presumed to underlie anxiety symptoms in adulthood. Therefore, we hypothesized that subjective social status and self-esteem are intermediate factors in the indirect effects of childhood abuse on state anxiety in adulthood, and analyzed the indirect effects via these factors using a path analysis. Subjects and Methods: Child Abuse and Trauma Scale, Subjective Social Status, Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, and State-Trait Anxiety Inventory Form Y questionnaires were administered in a self-report format to 404 adult volunteers from January 2014 to August 2014. In addition, a path analysis was conducted to determine whether subjective social status and self-esteem are associated with the indirect effects of childhood abuse on anxiety symptoms in adulthood. Results: Childhood abuse did not directly affect state anxiety in adulthood, but affected state anxiety via subjective social status and self-esteem. Subjective social status affected state anxiety via self-esteem. This model explained 25.2% of the variation in state anxiety in adult volunteers. Conclusion: The present study demonstrated that childhood abuse affects anxiety in adulthood through subjective social status and self-esteem. Therefore, interventions that enhance subjective social status and self-esteem for adults who experienced childhood abuse may help reduce their anxiety.

4.
J Nerv Ment Dis ; 212(5): 241-250, 2024 May 01.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38198691

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT: The aim of this study was to analyze whether interpersonal sensitivity mediates the effect of qualitative parenting characteristics experienced during childhood on the appraisal of life experiences and depression severity during adulthood in adult community volunteers. A total of 404 Japanese adult volunteers answered the following four self-report questionnaires: Parental Bonding Instrument, Interpersonal Sensitivity Measure, Life Experiences Survey, and Patient Health Questionnaire-9. Structural equation modeling was performed to analyze whether childhood parenting quality increases depressive symptom severity through interpersonal sensitivity, which then affects the appraisal of recent life events. In the two structural equation models, inadequate care and excessive overprotection received during childhood were associated with the negative evaluation of life experiences and depression severity in adulthood through high interpersonal sensitivity. Our findings indicate interpersonal sensitivity as a mediator of the effect of inadequate care and excessive overprotection experienced in childhood on the negative evaluation of life experiences and depression severity in adulthood.


Subject(s)
Depression , Parenting , Adult , Humans , Parents , Surveys and Questionnaires , Patient Health Questionnaire
5.
Health Serv Insights ; 16: 11786329231211777, 2023.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37953915

ABSTRACT

Aim: We aimed to illustrate and compare the processes of mental health policies aiming at a service delivery shift from the hospital to the community using implementation science, and to identify important implementation strategies. Methods: This study had a comparative case study design. The cases were the Belgian mental health reform, and the person-centered model of mental health in Hong Kong, China. Several documentary sources were reviewed, including the published literature and websites. Data on policy processes were extracted, analyzed using directed content analysis, and categorized into constructs of the conceptual model for evidence-informed policy formulation and implementation arranged for the mental health policy. Results: Several similarities were identified in the strategies for active implementation and dissemination; official staff allocation, and training to the community psychiatric services, an approach to adjust the number of psychiatric hospital beds, and promoting collaboration between health care sectors and social welfare sectors. Under distinct social contexts, differences were found in all processes. Conclusions: Each of the described policy processes can serve as a model for countries in similar social contexts seeking to shift their psychiatric service delivery. Furthermore, our findings suggest widely applicable implementation strategies for policies aiming at a service delivery shift.

6.
PLoS One ; 18(8): e0289559, 2023.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37535680

ABSTRACT

AIM: Productivity loss in the workplace due to physical or mental health problems, which is called presenteeism, leads to large financial losses. Personal and work environment factors, as well as physical and mental illnesses are associated with presenteeism, but the detailed underlying mechanism remains unclear. In this study, we analyzed the effects of perceived childhood rearing on the presenteeism of adult workers, and the mediating effects of trait anxiety and depressive rumination. METHODS: In 2017 and 2018, a cross-sectional paper-based survey was conducted, and written consent from 447 adult workers was obtained. Demographic information and results from the Parental Bonding Instrument, trait anxiety of State-Trait Anxiety Inventory Form Y, Ruminative Responses Scale, and Work Limitations Questionnaire were surveyed. Multiple regression analyses and structural equation modeling were conducted. RESULTS: The low perceived quality of rearing from parents in childhood, i.e., low care and high overprotection, indirectly worsened current presenteeism via trait anxiety and depressive rumination. Presenteeism was directly worsened by trait anxiety and depressive rumination, and the low perceived quality of rearing from parents directly affected trait anxiety and depressive rumination, and trait anxiety affected depressive rumination. CONCLUSION: The results of this study clarified the long-term influences of the low perceived quality of rearing experienced in childhood on adulthood presenteeism via trait anxiety and depressive rumination. Therefore, assessing the quality of childhood rearing, trait anxiety, and depressive rumination of individuals may help to elucidate the causes of presenteeism in the workplace, and how to manage it effectively.


Subject(s)
Anxiety , Presenteeism , Adult , Humans , Cross-Sectional Studies , Anxiety/psychology , Anxiety Disorders , Surveys and Questionnaires
7.
Healthcare (Basel) ; 11(13)2023 Jun 30.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37444734

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Personality traits, such as neuroticism, that results in vulnerability to stress, and resilience, a measure of stress coping, are closely associated with the onset of depressive symptoms, whereas regular physical activity habits have been shown to reduce depressive symptoms. In this study, the mediating effects of neuroticism and resilience between physical activity duration and depressive symptoms were investigated by a covariance structure analysis. METHODS: Between April 2017 and April 2018, 526 adult volunteers were surveyed using self-administered questionnaires. Demographic information, habitual physical activity duration (PAD), neuroticism, and resilience were investigated. The effects of these factors on depressive symptoms were analyzed by a covariance structure analysis. This study was conducted with the approval of the Medical Ethics Committee of Tokyo Medical University. RESULTS: The dose-response curves of physical activity duration and depression scores were U-shaped: the optimal physical activity duration for the lowest depression score was 25.7 h/week. We found that the greater the difference from the optimal PAD, the higher the neuroticism and the lower the resilience, and the more severe the depressive symptoms. Covariance structure analysis demonstrated that neuroticism and resilience significantly and completely mediated the effects of the difference from the optimal PAD on depressive symptoms (coefficient of determination R2 = 0.349). CONCLUSION: Our study suggests that there is an optimal PAD that reduces depressive symptoms, and that a greater difference from the optimal PAD increases depressive symptoms through neuroticism and resilience.

8.
PLoS One ; 18(5): e0286126, 2023.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37220100

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Prior studies have reported that childhood victimization experiences substantially augment the risk of depression and suicide in adulthood. Several of our previous studies suggested that childhood experiences of victimization interact with the quality of parenting experienced in childhood, childhood experiences of abuse, neuroticism, and other factors to influence depressive symptoms in adulthood. In this study, it was hypothesized that "childhood victimization" worsens "trait anxiety" and "depressive rumination", and that "trait anxiety" and "depressive rumination" are mediators that worsen "depressive symptoms in adulthood". SUBJECTS AND METHODS: The following self-administered questionnaires were completed by 576 adult volunteers: Patient Health Questionnaire-9, State-Trait Anxiety Inventory form Y, Ruminative Responses Scale, and Childhood Victimization Rating Scale. Statistical analyses were performed by Pearson correlation coefficient analysis, t-test, multiple regression analysis, path analysis, and covariance structure analysis. RESULTS: Path analysis demonstrated that the direct effect was statistically significant for the paths from childhood victimization to trait anxiety, depressive rumination, and depressive symptom severity. Moreover, the indirect effect of childhood victimization on depressive rumination mediated by trait anxiety was statistically significant. The indirect effects of childhood victimization on depressive symptom severity mediated by trait anxiety and depressive rumination were statistically significant. Furthermore, the indirect effect of childhood victimization on depressive symptom severity mediated by both trait anxiety and depressive rumination was statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS: We found that childhood victimization directly and adversely influenced each of the above factors, and indirectly worsened adulthood depressive symptoms with trait anxiety and depressive ruminations as mediating factors. The present study is the first to clarify these mediation effects. Therefore, the results of this study suggest the importance of preventing childhood victimization and the importance of identifying and addressing childhood victimization in patients with clinical depression.


Subject(s)
Bullying , Depression , Humans , Adult , Child , Anxiety , Anxiety Disorders , Volunteers
9.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37047935

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Previous studies have reported that physical activity can prevent the onset of depression and reduces anxiety. In the present study, the hypothesis that total physical activity time influences depressive symptoms via state and trait anxiety was tested by a path analysis. METHODS: Self-administered questionnaires were used to survey 526 general adult volunteers from April 2017 to April 2018. Demographic information, physical activity, and state and trait anxiety were investigated. RESULTS: The association between physical activity time and depressive symptoms was expressed as a U-shape curve. The results of the covariance structure analysis showed that differences from the optimal physical activity time (DOT) had direct positive effects on state and trait anxiety. DOT affected depressive symptoms only via trait anxiety, and this was a complete mediation model. CONCLUSION: The present study suggests that an optimal physical activity time exists for depressive symptoms. The path model demonstrated an association between the three factors of optimal physical activity time, trait anxiety, and depressive symptoms, and the effect was fully mediated by trait anxiety.


Subject(s)
Anxiety , Depression , Adult , Humans , Depression/epidemiology , Anxiety Disorders , Surveys and Questionnaires
10.
PCN Rep ; 2(3): e133, 2023 Sep.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38867824

ABSTRACT

Aim: Understanding the appropriate prescription of psychotropics for hospitalized patients in terms of preventing falls is an important issue. The aim of this study was to assess the associations between the occurrence of falls and the use of various individual psychotropics in hospitalized patients. Methods: A retrospective matched case-control study was conducted on adult patients admitted to every department of Tokyo Medical University Hospital, with the outcome being in-hospital falls. A total of 447 hospitalized patients who had had in-hospital falls at some point in their hospitalization between January 2016 and December 2016 were included as cases. A total of 447 hospitalized patients who did not have in-hospital falls, and were individually matched to the cases by sex, age, and clinical department, were included as controls. All data were extracted from electronic medical records. Conditional logistic regression analyses were conducted to assess the association between the exposure to 16 psychotropic medications and the occurrence of in-hospital falls. The multivariable logistic regression model adjusted sex, age, clinical department, body mass index, fall risk score on the fall risk assessment measure, and use of psychotropic medications. Results: The multivariable conditional logistic regression model showed a significant association between the use of risperidone (odds ratio [OR] = 3.730; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.229-11.325) and flunitrazepam (OR = 4.120; 95% CI = 1.105-15.364) and an increased OR of falls among hospitalized patients. Conclusion: The use of risperidone and flunitrazepam were identified as risk factors for falls among hospitalized patients.

11.
PCN Rep ; 2(2): e98, 2023 Jun.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38868141

ABSTRACT

Aim: The association of parenting experiences in childhood with anxiety symptoms in adulthood has yet to be clarified. We hypothesized that interpersonal sensitivity (IPS) mediates the impacts of parenting experiences in childhood on anxiety symptoms and negative assessment of life events in adulthood. Methods: An observational cross-sectional study was carried out from January 2014 to August 2014 on 853 adults. Participants provided their demographic information and answered the following four self-administered questionnaires: Parental Bonding Instrument (PBI), Interpersonal Sensitivity Measure (IPSM), Life Experiences Survey (LES), and State-Trait Anxiety Inventory Form Y (STAI-Y). The data of a total of 404 participants who agreed to take part in this study were analyzed. Results: Multiple regression analysis with the State Anxiety subscale of STAI-Y as the dependent variable identified the following five out of the 15 independent variables as being statistically significant: IPSM total, LES positive and negative, PBI paternal overprotection, and employment status. This model explains 17.8% of the State Anxiety subscale score. In the structural equation models, the Care subscale showed significant indirect negative effects on State Anxiety subscale and LES negative score through a decrease in IPSM total score (ß = -0.061 and -0.042, respectively). The former indirect effect accounted for 31.6%, and the latter accounted for 56.8% of the total effects. In contrast, Overprotection subscale had opposite effects to Care subscale. Conclusion: These results suggest that parenting experiences in childhood are related to adult anxiety symptoms and the negative assessment of life events indirectly through IPS.

12.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36497915

ABSTRACT

Depressive symptoms (DepS) associated with major depressive disorder (MDD) are influenced by affective temperaments (ATs), behavioral inhibition system (BIS), and behavioral activation system (BAS). However, the effect of interactions between ATs and BIS/BAS on DepS in MDD remains poorly understood. Herein, we aimed to investigate the effects of these interactions. The Temperament Evaluation of Memphis, Pisa, Paris, and San Diego Auto-questionnaire (TEMPS-A), BIS/BAS questionnaire, and Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) were used to evaluate ATs, BIS/BAS, and DepS, respectively, in 90 participants with MDD. Data were analyzed using hierarchical multiple regression analysis to assess the interaction effect. The interaction (ß = 0.199, p < 0.05) between depressive temperament (DepT) (ß = 0.319, p < 0.01) and BIS scores (ß = 0.300, p < 0.01) exhibited a significant positive effect on DepS (ΔR2 = 0.038, p < 0.05). However, the interaction between ATs and BAS scores did not exhibit a significant effect on DepS. Our findings suggest that interactions between BIS sensitivity and DepT worsen DepS in individuals with MDD. Hence, to manage DepS associated with BIS sensitivity and DepT, evaluating their interaction may be useful in daily clinical practice. This study presents important insights into MDD psychopathology.


Subject(s)
Depressive Disorder, Major , Humans , Depressive Disorder, Major/diagnosis , Temperament , Surveys and Questionnaires , Inhibition, Psychological , Regression Analysis , Personality Inventory
13.
Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat ; 18: 1751-1761, 2022.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36000024

ABSTRACT

Background: Parenting quality experienced in childhood affects depressive symptoms in adulthood, and neuroticism and resilience are attracting attention as personality traits that mediate the effects of parental rearing quality experienced in childhood on adulthood depressive symptoms. However, the interaction between neuroticism and resilience remains unclear. In this study, we hypothesized that resilience and neuroticism are mediators between parental rearing quality experienced in childhood and depressive symptoms in adulthood, and furthermore, that resilience and neuroticism interact with each other in their effects on depressive symptoms. To test these hypotheses, we conducted structural equation modeling and hierarchical multiple regression analysis including interactions in adult volunteers. Methods: A self-administered questionnaire survey was conducted on 528 adult volunteers recruited at Tokyo Medical University for 1 year from April 2017 to April 2018. The Parental Bonding Instrument (PBI), Eysenck Personality Questionnaire-revised short version, Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale, and Patient Health Questionnaire-9 were used as questionnaires, and their scores were analyzed using structure equation modeling. The interaction between resilience and neuroticism was analyzed using hierarchical multiple regression analysis. Results: Structural equation modeling showed that parenting quality (care and overprotection) experienced in childhood had a significant indirect effect on the severity of depressive symptoms in adulthood, mediated by both neuroticism and resilience. Among the subscores of the PBI, "care" showed opposite effects to "overprotection". Structural equation modeling of "care" and "overprotection" explained 36.9% and 36.6% of the variability in depressive symptoms in adulthood, respectively. Hierarchical multiple regression analysis showed that the negative interaction between neuroticism and resilience had a significant effect on depressive symptom severity in adulthood. Conclusion: The results of this study show that resilience and neuroticism are mediators of the effects from parental child-rearing to depressive symptoms in adulthood. Furthermore, resilience antagonizes the effect of neuroticism on adulthood depressive symptoms.

14.
Ageing Res Rev ; 81: 101709, 2022 11.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35961514

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: In 2021, the US Food and Drug Administration granted an accelerated approval to aducanumab for patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and mild dementia caused by Alzheimer's disease (AD); however, the cost of aducanumab is high, at approximately $28,000 for one year per person. On the other hand, lithium is much cheaper at $40 a year, and has been reported to be effective for the cognitive decline observed in both patients with MCI and AD. In contrast to acetylcholinesterase inhibitors and N-methyl D-aspartate receptor antagonists, aducanumab and lithium may be disease-modifying drugs. Therefore, we focused on aducanumab and lithium and compared the effects of these drugs on the cognitive decline in MCI and AD patients using a network meta-analysis. METHODS: PubMed, the Cochrane Library, CINHAL, and ClinicalTrials.gov were searched for randomized controlled trials testing lithium or aducanumab for the treatment of cognitive decline in patients with MCI or AD, up to January 31, 2022. A frequentist fixed-effect network meta-analysis was performed to estimate direct and indirect effects. The primary outcome was change scores in cognitive decline measured by Mini-Mental State Examination. This study has been registered with PROSPERO (number CRD42022304807). RESULTS: Network meta-analysis demonstrated that lithium was significantly more effective than aducanumab in the primary outcome. CONCLUSION: Although there were various limitations in this study, lithium may be a more cost-effective treatment than aducanumab for MCI and AD.


Subject(s)
Alzheimer Disease , Cognitive Dysfunction , Acetylcholinesterase/therapeutic use , Alzheimer Disease/drug therapy , Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized , Cholinesterase Inhibitors/therapeutic use , Cognitive Dysfunction/drug therapy , Humans , Lithium/therapeutic use , Network Meta-Analysis , United States
15.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35682299

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Long working hours are detrimental to physical and mental health. However, the association between long working hours and psychosomatic symptoms have remained controversial, possibly because of the existence of mediators between working hours and psychosomatic stress responses. We hypothesized that lifestyle habits, regarding sleep and mealtimes, act as mediators, and analyzed the associations between long working hours, sleep duration, mealtime regularity, and psychosomatic stress responses in office workers. METHODS: From April 2017 to March 2018, an online cross-sectional survey regarding overtime work hours, work-related stress, sleep, and eating habits was conducted with employees of 17 companies located in Tokyo, Japan. Answers were obtained from 3559 employees, and 3100 provided written consent for the academic use of their answers, and were included in the analysis. A path analysis was conducted to assess the effect of overtime work on psychosomatic stress via shortened sleep or irregular mealtimes. RESULTS: Overtime work hours had no direct effect on psychosomatic stress responses and depressive symptoms. However, overtime work hours affected sleep duration and the regularity of mealtimes. The effects of overtime work hours on psychosomatic stress responses and depressive symptoms were completely mediated by sleep duration and the regularity of mealtimes. CONCLUSION: Long working hours do not affect mental health directly; however, shortened sleep duration and irregular mealtimes mediate the effect of long working hours on psychosomatic stress responses and depressive symptoms.


Subject(s)
Sleep , Work Schedule Tolerance , Cross-Sectional Studies , Humans , Japan/epidemiology , Meals , Psychophysiologic Disorders , Surveys and Questionnaires , Work Schedule Tolerance/psychology
17.
Biopsychosoc Med ; 16(1): 11, 2022 Apr 28.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35484626

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: About 3% to 8% of women of fertile age are thought to have premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD), which is regarded as a serious form of premenstrual syndrome (PMS), although the details of this common condition remain unclear. The aim of this study was to analyze the interrelations of childhood maltreatment, personality traits, and life stress in the etiology of PMS/PMDD. METHODS: A total of 240 adult female volunteers from a community in Japan were investigated, using the following 5 questionnaires: Patient Health Quesstionaire-9, Child Abuse and Trauma Scale, Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI), Life Experiences Survey, and premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) scale. The questionnaire data were subjected to path analyses to clarify the association between childhood maltreatment and the severity of premenstrual symptoms, mediated by personality traits and life stress. RESULTS: The 2 path analysis models showed that high harm avoidance (HA) on the TCI and low self-directedness (SD) on the TCI had significant direct effects on the severity of premenstrual symptoms. Moreover, childhood maltreatment was associated with the severity of premenstrual symptoms, both directly and indirectly through personality traits. CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that HA on the TCI might be a risk factor for severe premenstrual symptoms among general women and furthermore that SD on the TCI may be a protective factor. In addition, childhood maltreatment is associated with severe premenstrual symptoms both directly and indirectly through personality traits.

18.
Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat ; 18: 253-263, 2022.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35210773

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: When assessing patients with depressive and anxiety disorders in psychiatric clinical practice, it is common to encounter children and adolescents who have experienced abuse and victimization. To date, it has been clarified that experiences of "childhood abuse" and "childhood victimization" lead to "neuroticism", and that neuroticism leads to "adult depressive symptoms". In this study, we analyzed how these four factors are interrelated. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: The following self-administered questionnaire surveys were conducted in 576 adult volunteers: Patient Health Questionnaire-9, Eysenck Personality Questionnaire-revised shortened version, Child Abuse and Trauma Scale, and Childhood Victimization Rating Scale. For statistical analysis, Pearson correlation coefficient analysis, t-test, multiple regression analysis, and covariance structure analysis (path analysis) were performed. RESULTS: Path analysis showed that the indirect effects of childhood abuse and childhood victimization on depressive symptoms through neuroticism were statistically significant. In addition, the indirect effects of childhood abuse on neuroticism through childhood victimization were statistically significant. Finally, the indirect effects of childhood abuse on depressive symptoms through the combined paths of childhood victimization and neuroticism were statistically significant. CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that "childhood abuse (A)" induces changes in the personality trait of "neuroticism (C)" with "childhood victimization (B)" as a mediator, and that these adversities affect the expression of "depressive symptoms in adulthood (D)" through "neuroticism (C)" as a mediator. In other words, to our knowledge, this is the first study to clarify that these four factors are not only individually associated with each other but also cause a chain reaction of A to B to C to D.

19.
Methods Protoc ; 4(3)2021 Jul 06.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34287371

ABSTRACT

The fear of cancer recurrence (FCR) is the most common and most severe unmet need among cancer survivors. Safe treatments for the FCR that are easily disseminated are greatly needed. Our primary aim is a preliminary evaluation of the efficacy and effect size of perilla oil, which is rich in omega-3 fatty acids, and Bifidobacterium, a probiotic, on FCR in breast cancer survivors after the completion of chemotherapy. This study has been planned as an exploratory clinical study (phase II) and will be conducted as a three-arm, 12-week parallel group, masked-rater randomized controlled trial. Fifteen participants will be randomized with 1:1:1 allocation to receive Bifidobacterium plus perilla oil, Bifidobacterium alone, or no intervention (control). Interventions will end within 12 weeks after the random allocation of each participant. The participants will be outpatients with invasive breast cancer aged 20 years or older whose chemotherapy was completed at least 6 months before registration; hormone therapy may be ongoing. The primary outcome will be severity of FCR at 12 weeks assessed by masked raters using the 4-item Concerns about Recurrence Scale concerning overall fear of recurrence. The study protocol for the current study is registered in the Japan Registry of Clinical Trials (jRCTs031200029).

20.
J Affect Disord ; 165: 190-5, 2014 Aug.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24882199

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Over the years randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of various psychotherapies for treating depression have provided evidence to demonstrate the interventions' efficacy/effectiveness. However, recent researches suggest that the quality of some RCTs were actually less than ideal, which could hence have biased their results. The present study aims to assess (1) the changes in characteristics of RCTs of psychotherapies for treating adult depression; (2) the temporal changes in their trial quality, and (3) the quality differences among different therapeutic approaches. METHODS: We included 135 RCTs of psychotherapies treating adult depression published from year 1969 to 2011. Temporal changes in trials' characteristics including their quantity and quality were assessed at study-level and arm-level. Quality differences among different schools of psychotherapy were assessed at arm-level. RESULTS: Changes in quantity and improvements in methodological quality were found at study-level. Positive changes in trial quality at arm-level were observed in most aspects. Comparisons made across different schools of psychotherapy revealed statistically significant differences among them, with earlier behavior therapy trials doing worst and more recent third wave cognitive-behavior therapy doing best. LIMITATIONS: We could not determine whether the observed changes in quality resulted from actual improvement in trial quality and/or from improved reporting. The relatively smaller number of arms for several types of interventions could weaken the representativeness when making comparisons across psychotherapeutic approaches. CONCLUSION: Our study revealed positive temporal changes in both trial quantity and quality over the past five decades and has also spotted possible areas for further improvement.


Subject(s)
Depressive Disorder/therapy , Psychotherapy/methods , Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic/standards , Adult , Female , Humans , Male
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