ABSTRACT
Hospitalization and surgery can have adverse psychological effects on children that may be prevented by preoperative intervention procedures. The present study compared an in vivo preparation in which 3- to 9-year-old patients who were about to undergo tonsillectomy/adenoidectomy surgery experienced a preview of the procedures and equipment, a slide show condition depicting hospitalization and surgery, or a standard nursing care control group. The in vivo group was rated as significantly less anxious than the slide show and control groups at each of the three assessment points. The in vivo children also took less time to drink following surgery than the slide show and control groups.
Subject(s)
Child, Hospitalized/psychology , Preoperative Care/psychology , Analysis of Variance , Anxiety/prevention & control , Child , Child, Preschool , Hospital Bed Capacity, under 100 , Humans , VirginiaABSTRACT
Increasing the number of task alternatives in a match-to-sample problem led to longer decision times in cognitively reflective but not in cognitively impulsive adults. Impulsives, as compared to reflectives, were found to verbalize less "thinking out loud" coded verbal behavior, to endorse less motivation for success and more motivation for speed, and to consistently underestimate time (i.e., periods of 10, 20, & 60 seconds). The present results suggest a latency-related response inhibition deficit in cognitively impulsive adults. The potential of a cognitive-behavioral treatment strategy is considered.
Subject(s)
Impulsive Behavior/psychology , Time Perception , Adolescent , Adult , Choice Behavior , Discrimination Learning , Female , Humans , Male , Reaction Time , Verbal BehaviorABSTRACT
In order to investigate the predictive efficacy of three MMPI short forms, the standard form answer sheets of 50 inmate volunteers and 44 clinic outpatients were scored separately for Faschingbauer's, Hugo's and Mini-Mult scales. T-score correlations and t tests between the standard form and each short form, as well as comparisons using Lacks' criteria were reported. Results indicated that the Faschingbauer form was superior to the other two forms. Results were discussed in terms of the populations tested and in reference to the different methodologies used in developing each of the short forms.
Subject(s)
MMPI , Personality Assessment , Adolescent , Adult , Ambulatory Care , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Substance-Related Disorders/rehabilitationSubject(s)
Anxiety/diagnosis , Personality Inventory , Adolescent , Adult , Cognition , Ego , Evaluation Studies as Topic , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Stress, Psychological , Test Anxiety ScaleSubject(s)
Affective Symptoms/therapy , Cognition , Reinforcement, Psychology , Achievement , Adolescent , Child , Humans , Impulsive Behavior , Male , Motivation , Punishment , Reaction Time , RewardABSTRACT
The relationship between cognitive tempo, MA, and mode of representation as inferred from equivalence groupings was investigated in 60 emotionally disturbed and normal boys and girls. No differences on any of the measures were obtained between the two groups of children or between males and females, so the data were combined for further analysis. A significant negative correlation between MA and both the number of errors on the Matching Familiar Figures Test (MFF) and the proportion of analytic concepts on the equivalence task was found. MFF latency was related to MFF errors only. On the other hand, MFF errors were related inversely to the proportion of both superordinate and functional concepts. Results were discussed in terms of supporting the previous findings of Olver and Hornsby in regard to equivalence and MA. Contrasts between the present findings and those of Kagan, Rosman, Day, Albert, and Phillips were discussed, and the differences in the nature if the array emphasized.
