[Hydrocephalus and the Goldenhar syndrome]. / Hydrocéphalie et syndrome de Goldenhar.

Two female babies with Goldenhar syndrome have, the first an aqueductal stenosis, the second repetitive spells of pain and strain of the anterior fontanel. Aqueductal stenosis, hydrocephalus or intracranial hypertension are not previously described in this syndrome.

[Nasal cannula, a simple, not very cumbersome, and efficacious means to induce a positive expiratory pressure in neonatology]. / La canule nasale, moyen simple, peu onéreux et efficace pour provoquer une pression expiratoire positive en néonatologie.

The authors report their 6 years experience in the use of a CPAP nasal cannula in 91 children. Their indications are idiopathic respiratory distress (hyaline membrane disease) stage I, II, III in children more than 1500 g, stage I and II for those less than 1500 g; transitory respiratory distress; cesarean lung; amniotic inhalation after aspiration and physiotherapy. In 75 newborns this method rendered tracheal intubation unnecessary. There were few side effects and very few serious accidents. The authors propose this method to be a substitute to tracheal intubation and mechanical ventilation, for the units of neonatal intensive care, or nurseries, specially in tropical countries, without important medical supplies. They give modalities, indications and applications of this innocuousness, easy and non-expensive method.

[Use of nasal cannula to induce positive expiratory pressure in neonatology]. / Utilisation d'une canule nasale pour provoquer une pression expiratoire positive en néonatologie.

A 6 years experience of the use of a CPAP nasal cannula is reported. In children over 1,500 g and Silverman's index less than or equal to 6, the indications for this technique were neonatal idiopathic respiratory distress (excluding stage 4), transitory respiratory distress, cesarean lungs and amniotic inhalation of clear fluid after aspiration and physiotherapy. In children under 1,500 g, it was used only when Silverman's index was less than or equal to 5, and when correct hemodynamic, thermal and metabolic status were present. In 91 treated children, the use of the cannula avoided intubation 75 times and had few complications. The innocuousness of the method makes it a routine technique in all cases at the onset of respiratory distress, reducing the need for intubations. It was found to be an efficient complement for the relay after mechanical ventilation.