ABSTRACT
High-dose chemotherapy followed by autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) remains the standard of care for multiple myeloma (MM) patients. Although outpatient ASCT has been shown to be safe and feasible, the procedure is overall rare with most patients in the US undergoing inpatient ASCT. Furthermore, hospitalization rates for patients that undergo outpatient ASCT remain high. Adequate markers that predict hospitalization during outpatient ASCT are lacking, yet would be of great clinical value to select patients that are suited to outpatient ASCT. In this study we aimed to elucidate differences between planned outpatient and inpatient ASCT and further evaluated clinical characteristics that are significantly associated with hospitalization during planned outpatient hospitalization. Factors that were significantly associated with a planned inpatient ASCT included an advanced MM disease stage, worse performance status as well as non-Caucasian race, while low albumin levels and female gender were significantly associated with hospitalization during outpatient ASCT. The results of this analysis provide crucial knowledge of factors that are associated with planned inpatient ASCT and hospitalization during outpatient ASCT and could guide the treating physician in decision-making and further facilitate outpatient transplantation.
ABSTRACT
Daratumumab, a CD38-targeting monoclonal antibody, has significantly improved survival rates in multiple myeloma (MM), yet patients who progress on Daratumumab have dismal clinical outcomes with an overall median of less than 10 months. While emerging novel modalities have shown promising results, the current study explores the use of high-dose chemotherapy followed by autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) in heavily pretreated Daratumumab-refractory MM patients. We retrospectively investigated the outcome of 69 consecutive patients who received upfront ASCT. The median progression-free survival (PFS) for the entire patient cohort was 7.2 months with a median overall survival (OS) of 19.3 months. For patients with ≥very good partial response (VGPR), median PFS and OS improved to 9 months and 34 months, respectively. Achievement of MRD negativity in ≥VGPR did not further improve the outcome. A better performance status, younger age, longer time interval from initial MM diagnosis/initial ASCT to salvage ASCT and low-risk GEP70 were all associated with improved PFS and OS after salvage ASCT. Our results suggest a role for salvage ASCT in selected heavily pretreated and Daratumumab-refractory patients.
Subject(s)
Multiple Myeloma/diagnosis , Neoplasm, Residual/diagnosis , Humans , Prognosis , Risk Assessment , Time FactorsABSTRACT
Light chain deposition disease (LCDD) is characterized by monotypic immunoglobulin depositions which will eventually lead to loss of organ function if left untreated. While the kidney is almost always affected, the presence and degree of LCDD in other organs vary. Ten to thirty percent of LCDD patients have underlying Multiple Myeloma (MM), yet outcome and prognostic markers in this particular patient group are still lacking. Here, we analyzed 69 patients with MM and biopsy proven LCDD and report on renal and extra-renal involvement and its impact on prognosis as well as renal response depending on hematologic response. Coexisting light chain diseases such as AL amyloid and cast nephropathy were found in 30% of patients; those with LCDD and concurrent amyloid tended to have shorter survival. Cardiac involvement by LCDD was seen in one-third of our patients and was associated with shorter overall survival; such patients also had a significantly higher risk of treatment-related mortality (TRM) after stem cell transplant (SCT) compared to LCDD patients without cardiac involvement. This study highlights that MM patients with LCDD present with different clinical features compared to previously reported LCDD cohorts. Rapid initiation of treatment is necessary to prevent progressive renal disease and worse outcome. Coexisting light chain diseases and cardiac involvement are more common than previously reported and confer worse clinical outcome, emphasizing the need for careful patient careful patient evaluation and treatment selection.
