ABSTRACT
An assessment of inventors of US Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved medicines reveals a growing role for academic entrepreneurship in general and National Institutes of Health (NIH)-supported investigators in particular. For all small-molecule therapeutics approved between 2001 and 2019 (383 in total), 8.3% listed an academic inventor in the Orange Book. Remarkably, an additional 23.8% listed an inventor from a company founded by an NIH-funded academic inventor. Over time, the relative inventive contributions from academia has progressively increased, including nearly one-third of medicines approved since 2017. These findings suggest a surging role for academic inventors and founders, perhaps in combination with a faltering of traditional private sector dominance of drug discovery.
ABSTRACT
We analyzed therapeutic areas most commonly targeted by academia since 2001, finding a domination of certain oncology and infectious diseases. These findings raise important questions about whether this trend reflects an expanded opportunity arising from academic research or a troubling sign of an industry struggling with the challenges of innovation.
ABSTRACT
Calibration of area detectors from powder diffraction standards is widely used at synchrotron beamlines. From a single diffraction image, it is not possible to determine both the sample-to-detector distance and the wavelength, but, with images taken from multiple positions along the beam direction and where the relative displacement is known, the sample-to-detector distance and wavelength can both be determined with good precision. An example calibration using the GSAS-II software package is presented.
ABSTRACT
A homobimetallic supramolecular helicate has been used to template the formation of a polyiodide network which adopts an infinite cross-linked double helical structure, topologically analogous to DNA.
Subject(s)
Cross-Linking Reagents/chemistry , Iodine/chemistry , Cations, Monovalent , Crystallization , DNA/chemistryABSTRACT
A homobimetallic supramolecular helicate has been prepared from a new multimodal ligand, and used to template the formation of two polyiodide networks, one containing an unprecedented figure-of-eight polyiodide helix, the other dominated by peripheral C-H...I polyiodide chain interactions.