ABSTRACT
Neutrophil locomotion was evaluated in three groups of periodontal patients, localized juvenile periodontitis (LJP), post-localized juvenile periodontitis (post-LJP), and generalized juvenile periodontitis (GJP). This was accomplished using regression line analysis, a new method for analysis of neutrophil locomotion in vitro. Neutrophil random migration, chemotaxis and chemokinesis were measured. The present study demonstrates that neutrophil locomotion is reduced in all three patient groups. The reduction in locomotion of the neutrophils in LJP, GJP and in post-LJP patients is due to a decrease of neutrophil migration in the presence of a chemotactic gradient. Furthermore, this decrease in chemotactic response is likely due to a decrease in rate of migration of the population of neutrophils rather than the existence of a large population of poorly responsive neutrophils. Random migration and chemokinesis of these patients' neutrophils are normal. These findings are consistent with our previous findings that the neutrophil locomotor disturbance in juvenile periodontitis is cell-associated and not due to humoral factors, and that there are a reduced number of chemotactic factor receptors present on the cell surface.
Subject(s)
Neutrophils/physiology , Periodontitis/blood , Adolescent , Adult , Cell Movement , Chemotaxis, Leukocyte , Female , Humans , Male , Neutrophils/cytology , Periodontitis/physiopathologySubject(s)
Chemotaxis, Leukocyte , Periodontitis/blood , Adolescent , Adult , Blood Physiological Phenomena , Cell Adhesion , Child , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Monocytes/physiology , Neutrophils/physiologyABSTRACT
Polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMNL) chemotaxis studies of 32 patients with localized juvenile periodontitis (periodontosis or LJP), 10 adult patients with a history of LJP (post-LJP), 8 patients with generalized juvenile periodontitis (GJP), and 23 adults with moderate to severe periodontitis were performed: (i) to determine the prevalence of a PMNL chemotaxis defect in a large group of LJP patients; (ii) to study PMNL chemotaxis in patients with other forms of severe periodontal disease; and (iii) to determine if the PMNL chemotaxis defect seen in LJP patients is a cell-associated defect or is mediated by humoral factors. The effect of periodontal treatment on PMNL chemotaxis was studied in nine LJP patients. The chemotactic response was measured with the Boyden chamber procedure, and patient's peripheral PMNL were compared with those of control subjects, using endotoxin-activated serum, bacterial factor, N-formylmethionyl-leucylphenylalanine, and leukocyte-derived chemotactic factor as the standard chemoattractants. Based upon statistical analysis of chemotaxis assays, most carried out on at least two and often three or more separate occasions, 26 of 32 LJP patients, 7 of 10 post-LJP patients, and 5 of 8 GJP patients exhibited cellular defects of chemotaxis, whereas only 2 of 23 of the patients with adult periodontitis exhibited depressed chemotaxis. Elevated PMNL chemotaxis was occasionally found in subjects with juvenile periodontitis (2 of 32 with LJP and two of eight with GJP); however, it was found in a significant number (10 of 23) of patients with adult periodontitis. In eight of nine LJP patients, depressed PMNL chemotaxis was observed before and after periodontal therapy. The results indicate that the PMNL chemotaxis defect observed in juvenile periodontitis is due to a cell-associated defect of long duration. These studies suggest that the PMNL plays a major protective role against periodontal infection and that the cellular chemotactic defects and may predispose subjects to LJP.
Subject(s)
Chemotaxis, Leukocyte , Periodontitis/immunology , Adolescent , Adult , Black People , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Neutrophils/immunology , Periodontitis/physiopathology , White PeopleABSTRACT
A commerically available bacterial colony counter has been modified to allow rapid, accurate, semi-automated evaluation of cell numbers in the micropore filter assay for chemotaxis. The method is valuable for objective, rapid evaluation of cell counts at various levels through the filter, as well as counts on the distal surface of the filter. Coupled with a programmable calculator, this instrument had made feasible a new method of assessing random migration by the regression line analysis, which discriminates between migration rate and mass migration of cells. This combination of equipment may thus serve as a considerable time saving accessory to laboratories engaged in cell locomotion research, but also will allow more rigorous assessment of differences among specific populations of cells.