ABSTRACT
Sensitizing young adults about sleep hygiene knowledge and helpful sleep attitudes may have the potential to instill long-lasting healthy sleep practices. Towards these ends, evaluation of psychoeducational program "Sleep 101" tailored to college students was undertaken. Following two weeks of sleep-log recordings, participants were randomly assigned to a Sleep 101 (experimental) condition or a sleep monitoring (control) condition. The Sleep 101 condition was comprised of two 90-minute workshops aimed to educate students about healthy sleep practices, helpful thoughts about sleep, and ways to improve sleep. The sleep monitoring group received a sleep hygiene handout and completed sleep logs for the study duration. Sleep 101 participants endorsed fewer maladaptive beliefs and attitudes about sleep, increased sleep hygiene knowledge, and reduced sleep onset latency compared to the sleep monitoring participants. Brief psychoeducational courses may be a cost-effective way to alleviate current, and/or prevent future, sleep problems in young adults.
Subject(s)
Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice , Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders/prevention & control , Sleep/physiology , Adolescent , Adult , Female , Health Education/methods , Humans , Hygiene , Male , Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders/psychology , Students , Surveys and Questionnaires , Young AdultABSTRACT
College students are vulnerable to a variety of sleep disorders, which can result in sleep deprivation and a variety of other consequences. The delivery of behavioral sleep medicine is particularly relevant for the college student population, as the early intervention on their sleep problems might prevent lifelong consequences. This article critically reviews the efficacy of relevant behavioral sleep medicine interventions and discusses special considerations for using them with college students who have unique sleep patterns and lifestyles. Recommendations are also given regarding ways to disseminate these empirically supported treatments into this environment. Finally, recommendations regarding future research directions are discussed in the present study.
Subject(s)
Behavior Therapy/methods , Behavioral Medicine , Sleep Wake Disorders/therapy , Sleep/physiology , Students/psychology , Delivery of Health Care , Female , Humans , Male , Universities , Young AdultABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To understand disorder-unique and common pathophysiology, studies in multiple patient groups with overlapping symptoms are needed. Deficits in emotion processing and hyperarousal symptoms are prominent features of bipolar disorder, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and severe mood dysregulation. The authors compared amygdala response during emotional and nonemotional ratings of neutral faces in youths with these disorders as well as a group of healthy comparison youths. METHOD: Blood-oxygen-level-dependent (BOLD) signal in the amygdala was examined in children with bipolar disorder (N=43), ADHD (N=18), and severe mood dysregulation (N=29) and healthy comparison subjects (N=37). During functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), participants attended to emotional and nonemotional aspects of neutral faces. RESULTS: While rating subjective fear of neutral faces, youths with ADHD demonstrated left amygdala hyperactivity relative to the other three groups, whereas youths with severe mood dysregulation demonstrated hypoactivity. CONCLUSIONS: These findings support the role of unique neural correlates in face-emotion processing among youths with bipolar disorder, ADHD, and severe mood dysregulation.
Subject(s)
Amygdala/physiopathology , Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/physiopathology , Bipolar Disorder/physiopathology , Emotions/physiology , Facial Expression , Irritable Mood/physiology , Recognition, Psychology/physiology , Adolescent , Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/diagnosis , Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/psychology , Bipolar Disorder/diagnosis , Bipolar Disorder/psychology , Child , Fear/physiology , Female , Functional Laterality/physiology , Humans , Magnetic Resonance Imaging/statistics & numerical data , Male , Oxygen/blood , Pattern Recognition, Visual/physiology , Social PerceptionABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: Research has revealed facial emotion labeling deficits in children and adolescents with bipolar disorder. To assess whether such impairments may be an endophenotype for bipolar disorder, the authors examined facial emotion identification proficiency in children who were at risk for bipolar disorder because they had a first-degree relative with the illness. METHOD: The facial expressions subtests of the Diagnostic Analysis of Nonverbal Accuracy scale were administered to 52 patients with bipolar disorder, 24 at-risk youths, and 78 control subjects, all 4-18 years of age. RESULTS: Compared with the control group, both the bipolar and at-risk groups made more errors identifying facial emotions. The number of errors did not differ significantly between the bipolar and at-risk groups. CONCLUSIONS: Deficits in facial emotion labeling may be a risk marker for bipolar disorder. Further study is needed to determine the neural mechanisms involved, as well as to explore other emotional processing impairments in youths at risk for bipolar disorder and to identify genetic associations.
