Positive imagery in depressive suicidal patients: A randomized controlled trial of the effect of viewing loved ones' photos on mood states and suicidal ideation.

According to research, it has been suggested that individuals who are affected by depression could potentially engage in the creation and experience emotional advantages relating to positive events directed towards the past or future, with the condition that they are provided with suitable mental imagery techniques. The main aim of this study was to assess the impact of utilizing positive imagery, specifically through the utilization of photographs featuring loved ones, on mood states and suicidal ideation among individuals diagnosed with depression and exhibiting suicidal tendencies. This randomized, double-blind, controlled crossover trial was conducted among 78 hospitalized depressive patients at three psychiatric services between April and August 2019. The patients participated in four individual picture-viewing sessions on four consecutive days. The four categories of pictures were included: loved ones, neutral faces of strangers, natural landscapes, and optical illusions. Directly prior to and immediately following the observation of the visual stimuli (photographs), the Brunel Mood Scale (BRUMS) and the Beck Scale for Suicide Ideation (BSSI) were completed by the patients. Repeated measures ANOVAs conducted in this study revealed a significant main effect of time on ratings of tension, depression, fatigue, vigor, calmness, and happiness (P values < 0.001). Additionally, statistically significant interactions were identified between picture category and time in relation to the variables of tension, depression, fatigue, vigor, calmness, and happiness (P values < 0.001). The analysis did not reveal a significant main effect of time on ratings of anger, confusion, and suicidal ideation (P values > 0.05). Likewise, the interaction between picture category and time did not yield significant results for the variables of anger, confusion, and suicidal ideation (P values > 0.05). The positive imagery procedure using the presentation of loved ones' photos showed beneficial effects on the mood states of depressed patients. The findings of this study suggest that incorporating a greater emphasis on positive imagery within the context of clinical depression may offer potential advantages. This highlights the potential for novel opportunities in the treatment of depression. Trial registration: The study has been registered in the Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials (registration number: IRCT20180808040744N1; first registration date: December 22, 2018; website: https://en.irct.ir/trial/33186).

How to prepare nursing students for mental health clinical engagement: a qualitative study.

BACKGROUND: Since clinical experience is challenging, identifying the factors influencing the learning process and acquiring clinical competence in mental departments is essential. Limited studies have investigated students' concerns regarding attending this clinical setting and how they are mentally and academically prepared. AIM/QUESTION: Explaining the various aspects of nursing students' preparation to attend the mental clinical environment. METHODS: This qualitative study was conducted on bachelorette nursing students and college professors using in-depth, semi-structured interviews. Inductive content analysis was used for data analysis, and Lincoln and Guba's criteria were used for the rigor of the data. RESULTS: The participants' viewpoints regarding how to prepare nursing students to enter mental clinical settings can be summarized in 4 categories: "understanding the students' concerns" "understanding the students' expectations" "the necessity of the students' mental preparation" and "preparing the scientific materials needed to attend in a mental ward". CONCLUSION: Nursing students have fears and worries about entering mental departments and have expectations of themselves and their instructors. To help students deal with these concerns, psychological and educational preparations should be provided, among which the role of new educational technologies can be mentioned.

The effect of mobile-based logotherapy on depression, suicidal ideation, and hopelessness in patients with major depressive disorder: a mixed-methods study.

Major depressive disorder is one of the most common psychiatric disorders in the world. It is essential to study and use effective, available, and affordable psychotherapy methods along with drug therapy to manage the symptoms of this disease. Therefore, the current study aimed to determine the effect of mobile phone-based logotherapy on depression, suicidal ideation, and hopelessness in patients with major depressive disorder by using a mixed-methods approach. In the first phase of this mixed-methods study, 70 patients completed the quantitative phase (control group = 35, intervention group = 35). The intervention group received an 8-week mobile-based logotherapy program via WhatsApp (one 180-min module per week) combined with sertraline, while the control group received just sertraline plus education about pharmacotherapy. Data was collected before, immediately after the intervention, and 3 months later using the Beck depression inventory short form items (BDI-13), the Beck hopelessness scale (BHS), and the Beck scale for suicide ideation (BSSI). Then, a qualitative study on the intervention group was conducted to explain the findings of the quantitative phase. The repeated measure MANOVA revealed a significant interaction effect of time and group on the set of dependent variables (F(6,63) = 25.218, P < 0.001). Qualitative analysis confirmed the efficacy of sertraline plus mobile-based logotherapy on depression, suicidal ideation, and hopelessness in the intervention group. Three key themes extracted from the participants' experiences of mobile-based logotherapy were "efficient instruction", "user-friendly intervention" and "constructive change". Mobile-based logotherapy through WhatsApp was an effective psychotherapy method for decreasing depression, hopelessness, and suicidal ideation in patients with major depressive disorder. It is suggested that educational, institutional, and technological infrastructure for providing and using mobile-based logotheapy for patients with major depressive disorder be considered in the mental health care system.

Designing and psychometric properties of the hospitalized patients' spiritual needs questionnaire (HPSNQ) in the medical-surgical hospital setting.

BACKGROUND: The evaluation of spiritual requirements in patients can facilitate the delivery of spiritual care as an essential element of holistic healthcare. The objective of this research was to develop and evaluate the psychometric properties of a questionnaire on patients' spiritual needs in medical-surgical hospital settings. METHODS: This research utilized an exploratory sequential design, involving the creation of a pool of items through both inductive and deductive methods. The questionnaire's psychometric properties were then assessed using various techniques, such as face and content validity, item analysis, construct validity, internal consistency, stability, confirmatory factor analysis, and the Gradual Response Model of Samejima. The data analysis was conducted using MPLUS software, version 5.1. RESULTS: The study's results showed that a four-factor structure (interpersonal connectedness, relationship with God, transcendence, and peaceful environment) with 43 items was successfully extracted through exploratory factor analysis. The confirmatory factor analysis supported the findings of the exploratory factor analysis. The Cronbach's alpha coefficients for the scale and factors ranged between 0.83 and 0.95. Furthermore, the interclass correlation coefficients for the scale and factors were between 0.89 and 0.96. CONCLUSIONS: The questionnaire designed in this study is a reliable and valid instrument that can be utilized by healthcare, educational, and research institutions to evaluate the spiritual needs of patients in medical-surgical hospital settings.

Performance evaluation of buildup bolus during external radiotherapy of mastectomy patients: treatment planning and film dosimetry.

A buildup bolus is used during the post-mastectomy radiotherapy (PMRT) to overcome under-dosage issues in the chest wall. The current study is aimed at evaluating the performance of a bolus in dose enhancement through both film dosimetry and treatment planning approaches. Twenty patients were enrolled in current research. The received dose by the skin at the lateral and medial regions of the chest wall in the presence and absence bolus was evaluated. Film dosimetry results showed that the presence of the bolus can averagely increase the skin dose by about 80% (P value < 0.001) and 92% (P value < 0.001) in lateral and medial regions, respectively. No significant difference was observed between the measured and treatment planning system (TPS)-calculated dose values in the presence of bolus. The presence of the bolus can considerably increase the absorbed dose by superficial chest wall regions. The TPS shows a favorable performance in superficial dose calculations in the presence of the buildup bolus. Hosseini et al.: demonstration of implemented research in the current study.

Temporal relationships between changes in depression and suicidal ideation: A mediation analysis in a randomized double-blinded clinical trial.

OBJECTIVES: There is a considerable debate regarding the possible dependence between depression and suicidal ideation treatments. The present study used a novel mediation approach in a randomized comparison of pharmacotherapy and combined therapy to explore whether depressive symptoms mediate the association between treatment and suicidal ideation and whether it depends on the treatment condition. DESIGN: This study is a randomized, controlled, parallel group (1:1), clinical trial using a novel mediation approach for longitudinal data. Latent difference score modelling was utilized to investigate whether changes in depressive symptoms drive subsequent changes in suicide ideation. METHOD: Participants were 94 depressive suicidal outpatients who were assessed regarding depressive symptoms and suicidal ideation over the course of an experiment (0-2-7 months). Direct and indirect associations between (change in) depressive symptoms and (change in) suicidal ideation were explored using Pearson's correlations and latent difference score model. RESULTS: The results showed that depression treatment affects not only suicidal ideation directly but also its influence on suicidal ideation occurs via improvement in depressive symptoms. It was found a more significant effect of combining pharmacotherapy and PPT (in comparison with the pharmacotherapy alone) on the early and late improvements of suicidal ideation (Δ 0-2 and Δ 2-7) via the early improvement of depressive symptoms (Δ 0-2). CONCLUSIONS: The findings indicate that changes in depressive symptoms preceded changes in suicidal ideation. Our results highlighted that improving depressive symptoms could be a primary target in treating patients with depression experiencing suicidal thoughts.

Age discrimination perceived by hospitalized older adult patients in Iran: A qualitative study.

Background: The quality of care that older adult patients receive during hospitalization is directly associated with the perception, knowledge, and skills of the healthcare team. This qualitative study was conducted to explore the concept of age discrimination perceived by hospitalized older adult patients. Methods: The present exploratory qualitative study was conducted using conventional content analysis. The purposive sampling method was used to recruit participants and the sampling continued until data saturation. A total of 21 individuals comprising of 12 hospitalized older adult patients, 5 family caregivers, 3 nurses, and a physician were enrolled in the study. Data were collected through 21 face-to-face, semi-structured, in-depth interviews. Data were analyzed using the qualitative content analysis method as described by Elo and Kyngäs. Results: The analysis of the interview data resulted in 4 main categories, namely injustice perceptions, interactional injustice, procedural injustice, and organizational injustice. Conclusion: The findings of the study indicated that older adult patients perceive the occurrence of age discrimination by healthcare teams and inequalities in the provided care in hospitals. It is therefore important to address ageism and subsequent inequalities through short- and long-term policies and plans, as well as standardization and transformation of the present condition of hospitals to become an age-friendly environment.

Combined Effects of High-Intensity Aerobic Exercise Training and Ziziphus jujuba Extract on Tissue Nesfatin-1 in Rats.

Nesfatin-1 is involved in metabolic/feeding regulation and prevention of cardiovascular disease. Previous studies have shown that exercise and herb supplementation can influence nesfatin-1 concentration. The present study investigated the effects of high-intensity training (HIT) and Ziziphus jujuba (ZJ) extract on tissue nesfatin-1 in rats. Twenty-eight female rats were randomly assigned to one of four groups i.e. 1) Saline-Control (SC), 2) Saline-High Intensity Training (ST), 3) Ziziphus jujuba-Control (ZJC), and 4) Ziziphus jujuba-High Intensity Training (ZJT). Rats performed exercise on a treadmill and/or administered supplements intragastrically for 6 weeks, depending on group category. Seventy-two hours after the last training session, rats were anesthetized. Blood, hypothafi 2lamus tissue, heart and gastrocnemius muscles were sent to the laboratory for analyses. Significantly higher nesfatin-1 gene expression and concentration and ATP concentration were found in trained rat. HIT increased plasma High Density Lipoprotein (HDL) and insulin concentration and reduced plasma Triglyceride (TG) and cortisol. ZJ increased tissue nesftain-1 gene expression and concentration while only increasing heart ATP. The combination of exercise and ZJ showed an additive effect compared to each intervention alone on hypothalamus, heart and gastrocnemius NUCB2 gene expression, heart and gastrocnemius nesfatin-1 concentration, plasma HDL and cortisol concentration. The authors recommend both interventions as a means to improve cardiovascular health in rats with further work needed to confirm similar findings in homo sapiens.

Male Nursing Students' Perception of Gender Barriers in Nursing Curricula in an Iranian University of Medical Sciences.

OBJECTIVES: The present study aimed to determine male nursing students' perception of gender barriers in nursing curricula. METHODS: This descriptive study was conducted on 150 B.Sc. and M.Sc. nursing students at Tabriz School of Nursing and Midwifery, Tabriz university of medical sciences, Tabriz, Iran that were selected through convenience sampling. The study data were collected using Inventory of Male Friendliness in Nursing Programs-Short (IMFNP-S). This scale has 17 items for investigating male nursing students' perception of gender barriers in nursing curricula. Each item is a 5-point Likert-type scale scored from 0 to 4; total scale score could range from 0 to 68, higher scores representing male nursing students' perception of less gender barriers in nursing curricula. RESULTS: The total mean score of gender barriers was 35.11+6.15. The most important barriers included different requirements/limitations in obstetrics apprenticeship (Median=1), and need for proving oneself because of people's expectation of nurses to be female (Median=2). On the other hand, the least important barriers were lack of important people's support on one's career decisions (Median=3), and lack of opportunity to work with other male nurses (Median=3). The scale score was not associated with the socio-demographic characteristics studied. CONCLUSIONS: The most male nursing students feel various gender issues in the nursing curriculum in a medium level that may negatively impact on their learning, professional performance and motivation and tendency to nursing. Furthermore, this vicious cycle can lead to lack of professional development, leaving the job and burnout. Thus, creating a gender-neutral environment can make nursing programs more male friendly.

Comparison of the effect of psychosocial skills training on acute and chronic musculoskeletal pain intensity: The effectiveness of early intervention in the reduction of acute musculoskeletal pain.

BACKGROUND: Pain, as a psychological experience, is caused by complex interactions among sensory-discriminative, motivational-affective, and cognitive-evaluative dimensions. The psychosocial approach is one of the important approaches in managing musculoskeletal pain in patients. Therefore, this study aimed to determine and compare the effects of psychosocial skills training on pain intensity in patients with acute and chronic musculoskeletal pain. METHODS: In this quasi-experimental study, 64 patients with acute and chronic musculoskeletal pain were selected using convenience sampling. Both groups received psychosocial training in pain management in groups of 8-10 people over six 1-h sessions. The data were collected at baseline, after the intervention, and 3 months later using a numerical rating scale (NRS). Then, the data were entered into the SPSS 22 software and were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics. RESULTS: In this study, the mean age of the participants was 50.10 ± 10.63 years and 60.9% of them were female. Based on the results, time had a significant effect on pain intensity (p < 0.001), but the effect of group on pain intensity was not statistically significant (p = 0.07). The group × time effect on pain intensity was also statistically significant (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Psychosocial training had a positive impact on the reduction of pain among the patients with acute and chronic musculoskeletal pain. Additionally, the training was more effective in patients with acute pain due to early training. These findings can help healthcare providers in the field of musculoskeletal pain management, especially in patients with acute pain.

Male Nursing Students' Perception of Gender Barriers in Nursing Curricula in an Iranian University of Medical Sciences / Percepción de los estudiantes varones de enfermería sobre las barreras de género en los planes de estudio de Enfermería en una universidad iraní / Percepção dos estudantes de enfermagem masculinos sobre as barreiras de gênero nos planos de estudo de Enfermagem numa universidade iraniana

Objective. The present study aimed to determine male nursing students' perception of gender barriers in nursing curricula. Methods. This descriptive study was conducted on 150 B.Sc. and M.Sc. nursing students at Tabriz School of Nursing and Midwifery, Tabriz university of medical sciences, Tabriz, Iran that were selected through convenience sampling. The study data were collected using Inventory of Male Friendliness in Nursing Programs-Short (IMFNP-S). This scale has 17 items for investigating male nursing students' perception of gender barriers in nursing curricula. Each item is a 5-point Likert-type scale scored from 0 to 4; total scale score could range from 0 to 68, higher scores representing male nursing students' perception of less gender barriers in nursing curricula. Results. The total mean score of gender barriers was 35.11+6.15. The most important barriers included different requirements/limitations in obstetrics apprenticeship (Median=1), and need for proving oneself because of people's expectation of nurses to be female (Median=2). On the other hand, the least important barriers were lack of important people's support on one's career decisions (Median=3), and lack of opportunity to work with other male nurses (Median=3). The scale score was not associated with the socio-demographic characteristics studied. Conclusion. The most male nursing students feel various gender issues in the nursing curriculum in a medium level that may negatively impact on their learning, professional performance and motivation and tendency to nursing. Furthermore, this vicious cycle can lead to lack of professional development, leaving the job and burnout. Thus, creating a gender-neutral environment can make nursing programs more male friendly.

Objetivo. Describir la percepción de los estudiantes varones de enfermería sobre las barreras de género en los planes de estudio de enfermería. Métodos. Este estudio descriptivo se llevó a cabo con la participación de 150 varones estudiantes de enfermería de la Escuela de Enfermería y Partería de Tabriz, Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Tabriz, Irán, seleccionados mediante un muestreo por conveniencia. Los datos del estudio se recogieron utilizando el Inventory of Male Friendliness in Nursing Programs-Short (IMFNP-S). Esta escala tiene 17 ítems con opciones de respuesta tipo Likert de 5 puntos que se puntúa de 0 a 4; la puntuación total de la escala puede oscilar entre 0 y 68, y las puntuaciones más altas representan la percepción de menos barreras de género. Resultados. La puntuación media total de las barreras de género fue de 35.11+6.15. Las barreras más importantes incluían los diferentes requisitos o limitaciones en el aprendizaje de la obstetricia (Mediana=1), y la necesidad de probarse a sí mismo debido a la expectativa de la gente de que las enfermeras sean mujeres (Mediana=2). Por otro lado, las barreras menos importantes fueron la falta de apoyo de personas importantes en las decisiones de la carrera profesional (mediana=3) y la falta de oportunidades para trabajar con otros enfermeros (mediana=3). La puntuación de la escala no se asoció con las características sociodemográficas estudiadas. Conclusión. La mayoría de los estudiantes varones de enfermería sienten diversas barreras de género en el plan de estudios de enfermería en un nivel medio, que puede repercutir negativamente en su aprendizaje, motivación, rendimiento profesional y en la tendencia hacia la enfermería. Además, esta situación puede conducir a la falta de desarrollo profesional, al abandono del trabajo y al agotamiento. Así pues, la creación de un entorno neutral desde el punto de vista de género puede hacer que los programas de enfermería sean más favorables a los hombres

Objetivo. Descrever a percepção dos estudantes de enfermagem homens sobre as barreiras de gênero nos planos de estudo de enfermagem. Métodos. Este estudo descritivo se levou a cabo com a participação de 150 homens que eram estudantes de enfermagem da Escola de Enfermagem e Parteira de Tabriz, Universidade de Ciências Médicas de Tabriz, Irã, que foram selecionados mediante uma amostragem por conveniência. Os dados do estudo se recolheram utilizando o Inventory of Male Friendliness in Nursing Programs-Short (IMFNP-S). Esta escala tem 17 itens com opções de resposta tipo Likert de 5 pontos que se pontua de 0 a 4; a pontuação total da escala pode oscilar entre 0 e 68, e as pontuações maiores representam a percepção de menos barreiras de gênero. Resultados. A pontuação média total das barreiras de género foi de 35.11+6.15. As barreiras mais importantes incluíam os diferentes requisitos ou limitações na aprendizagem da obstetrícia (Média=1), e a necessidade de provar-se a si mesmo devido à expectativa das pessoas de que as enfermeiras sejam mulheres (Média=2). Por outro lado, as barreiras menos importantes foram a falta de apoio de pessoas importantes nas decisões da carreira profissional (média=3) e a falta de oportunidades para trabalhar com outros enfermeiros (média=3). A pontuação da escala não se associou com as características sociodemográficas estudadas. Conclusão. A maioria dos estudantes de enfermagem homens sentem diversas barreiras de gênero no plano de estudos de enfermagem num nível médio, que pode repercutir negativamente na sua aprendizagem, motivação e rendimento profissional, e tendência à enfermagem. Além disso, esta situação pode conduzir à falta de desenvolvimento profissional, ao abandono do trabalho e ao esgotamento. Assim pois, a criação de um entorno neutral desde o ponto de vista de gênero, pode fazer que os programas de enfermagem sejam mais favoráveis aos homens.

Iranian nurses' views on barriers to moral courage in practice: A qualitative descriptive study.

BACKGROUND: Nursing is a caring profession. Due to the nature of their work, nurses need to have the moral courage to deliver safe nursing care. Research results have reported a low level of moral courage in the majority of nurses. The current study aimed to identify the barriers to show moral courage in Iranian nurses. METHODS: This study was qualitative research that was conducted using conventional content analysis. Data was gathered using in-person, semi-structured, in-depth interviews. Interviews were conducted from March to September 2020. Purposeful sampling was used and sampling was continued until data saturation was reached. Participants were 19 nurses working in hospitals in Iran. RESULTS: According to data analysis, six categories and three themes were extracted. Themes are "organizational failure", "deterrent personal identity" and "defeated professional identity". CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study revealed the barriers to show moral courage which were usually overlooked in previous quantitative studies. It appears that the elimination of these barriers is an effective step in the improvemalet of nurses' competencies. The results of this study can be helpful in the developmalet of programs to address the factors affecting nurses' moral courage.

Using Newly Developed Software to Enhance the Efficiency of the Nursing Process in Patient Care: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

The nursing process is a systematic decision-making method of problem-solving that increases the quality of patient care. Implementation of modern technology in nursing can reduce documentation time, make nursing care safer, and improve the quality of patient care. This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of applying newly developed nursing process software on the efficiency of the nursing process in patient care. In this randomized clinical trial, 80 nursing students were randomly allocated into intervention (n = 40) and control (n = 40) groups. The student in the intervention group used the software to care for patients for two semesters. Students in the control group used routine hospital protocol to care for their patients. Modified Brooking nursing process measuring scale was used to evaluate the effectiveness of software before and after the intervention. The results showed a statistically significant difference in the mean efficiency score of the nursing process in the two groups after the intervention (P < .001). Using nursing process software leads to increasing the efficiency of the nursing process in patient care. Thus, providing executive support and electronic resources with relevant training for nursing students can be beneficial in students' education and be a practical application of the nursing process in caring for patients.

Attitude of nursing students following the implementation of comprehensive computer-based nursing process in medical surgical internship: a quasi-experimental study.

BACKGROUND: The nursing process is the core and the standard of practice in nursing profession. Nowadays, the use of information technology in the field of nursing processes, education and practice has been emphasized. Since nurse's attitudes towards clinical information systems are considered as an indicator of the success rate of information systems, and nurse's attitudes about the nursing process can affect their execution of the process. So the purpose of this study was to evaluate nursing students' attitudes towards the nursing process software. METHODS: In this quasi-experimental study, 160 undergraduate nursing students (terms 4-8) in Tabriz University of Medical Sciences were selected by convenience sampling. To evaluate the effectiveness of nursing process software in this study, Mazlom and Rajabpoor (IJME 14(4):312-322, 2014) a questionnaire consisting of 21 components based on a five-point Likert scale was completed by students after using the software. Data were then analyzed by SPSS 19 software. RESULTS: The mean score of students' attitude toward nursing process software was high (80.70 ± 5.58). The nursing students' highest scoring attitudes were respectively related to "Effectiveness of software in prioritizing patient care and problems", "Completeness of patient's electronic information compared to handwritten mode" and "Software's effectiveness in saving your time". The lowest scoring attitudes towards the software was respectively related to the "feeling of fairness in labor division", "the effectiveness of the software in determining your workload" and "the feeling of satisfaction in labor division". There was a statistically significant relationship between gender and age, and student's attitude toward nursing process software. CONCLUSIONS: According to the results and analysis of nursing student's attitudes toward nursing process software, the use of such software would be welcomed by students. It seems that changing policies in the educational and clinical substructure of nursing in order to develop, adapt and use the nursing process software is an important responsibility for nursing authorities to consider. Providing educational and clinical technology equipment, periodic evaluation of software by stakeholders and promoting the use of this software, can be fundamental steps in operationalizing the findings of this research.

One-pot multi-component synthesis of new bis-pyridopyrimidine and bis-pyrimidoquinolone derivatives.

A variety of bis-heterocycles such as bis(pyrimido[4,5-b]quinolone), bis(chromeno[3',4':5,6]pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine), bis(pyrido[2,3-d:6,5-d']dipyrimidine), and bis(benzo[g]pyrimido[4,5-b]quinolone) derivatives were synthesized via one-pot, multi-component reaction of various 6-aminouracils or 6-aminothiouracils, terephthalaldehyde, and CH-acids such as 4-hydroxycoumarin, dimedone, 2-hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone, barbituric acid, and thiobarbituric acid in EtOH as a solvent at reflux. The mild conditions, fast rate of reaction, absence of catalyst, different functional group compatibility, simple operation and work-up involving no chromatographic process, are worth mentioning.

Hsa-miR-3658 down-regulates OCT4 gene expression followed by suppressing SW480 cell proliferation and migration.

The pluripotency factor, OCT4 gene is a stemness marker that is involved in the tumorigenicity of different cancer types and knowing about molecular mechanisms of its regulation is crucially important. To date, a few microRNAs (miRNAs) are known to be regulators of OCT4 gene expression. Looking for the novel miRNAs which are capable of regulating OCT4 gene expression, our bioinformatics analysis introduced hsa-miR-3658 (miR-3658) as a bona fide candidate. Then, RT-qPCR results indicated that miR-3658 expression is decreased in colorectal cancer (CRC) tumor tissues, compared with normal pairs. Furthermore, RT-qPCR and western blot analysis showed that the OCT4 gene has been down-regulated following the miR-3658 overexpression. Consistently, dual-luciferase assay supported the direct interaction of miR-3658 with the 3'-UTR sequence of OCT4 gene. Unlike in HCT116 cells, overexpression of miR-3658 in SW480 cells brought about growth inhibition, cell cycle arrest and reduced cell migration, detected by flow cytometry, and scratch test assay. Overall, these findings demonstrated that miR-3658 as a tumor suppressor miRNA exerts its effect against OCT4 gene expression, and it has the potential of being used as a prognostic marker and therapeutic target against colorectal cancer.

Exercise against SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19): Does workout intensity matter? (A mini review of some indirect evidence related to obesity).

SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) is a new virus causing respiratory illness outbreak. Nowadays, COVID-19 has spread to several countries around the world and is presently a major global concern. It appears that no certain effective pharmaceutical agent is currently available for it. It seems that obesity is one of the biggest risk factors related to COVID-19 hospitalization and critical illness. The strengthening of the body systems by non-drug ways is very important especially in obese people. On the basis of some indirect evidence, it seems that moderate physical activity can be recommended as a non-pharmacological, inexpensive, and viable way to cope with corona. On the other hand, recommending higher intensity exercise needs further consideration to make final decision in this regard.

Saline vs. dextrose for local anesthetic dilution in brachial plexus block: A randomized study.

Higher sodium ions in saline diluted local anesthetic may reduce the anesthetic action of the drug as injected around the nerves. However, the impact of local anesthetic dilution agents on the quality of peripheral nerve blockades has not yet been widely investigated. This study was aimed at evaluating the impact of lidocaine dilution with normal saline vs dextrose 5% on onset time of supraclavicular approach to brachial plexus block. Sixty American Society of Anesthesiologists class 1or2 patients, scheduled for elective upper extremity surgeries under sono-guided supraclavicular block were randomly assigned to receive lidocaine 2% diluted with either dextrose 5% or normal saline. At the end of lidocaine injection, sensory and motor blocks were evaluated at 5 min intervals for 30 min in the areas innervated by median, radial, ulnar and musculocutaneous nerves. Block onset time and number of patients with complete sensory or motor blockade were similar in both groups. Lidocaine diluted with either normal saline or dextrose 5% produces comparable sensory and motor block onset time and success rate in ultrasound guided supraclavicular block.

Nursing Student Experiences of Caring for Burned Patient: From Fearfulness to Normalization.

OBJECTIVES: To describe the care experiences of students in burn units. METHODS: Qualitative research of the phenomenological descriptive type which was conducted with the participation of eight senior nursing students in Shiraz College of Nursing and Midwifery, Iran. The method used for gathering data about Student experiences in Care Services for Burn Cases was the individual semi-structured interview. The Colaizzi method was used for analysing and interpreting the data. RESULTS: Three main themes emerged: the attractive but stressful experience, trying to adjust and metamorphosis in attitude. Taking care of burned patients led to metamorphosis and adaptation to the requirements of burn care due to the students' improved attitudes, awareness and potentials. This finally turned the stressful nature of taking care of a burn patient into an attractive experience for them. CONCLUSIONS: Students with little clinical experience of stressful working situations in burn units faced different challenges. Due to the specific nature of taking care of burned patients, the clinical experiences of nursing students who offer these services are unique.

Nursing Student Experiences of Caring for Burned Patient: From Fearfulness to Normalization

Objective. To describe the care experiences of students in burn units. Methods. Qualitative research of the phenomenological descriptive type which was conducted with the participation of eight senior nursing students in Shiraz College of Nursing and Midwifery, Iran. The method used for gathering data about Student experiences in Care Services for Burn Cases was the individual semi-structured interview. The Colaizzi method was used for analysing and interpreting the data. Results. Three main themes emerged: the attractive but stressful experience, trying to adjust and metamorphosis in attitude. Taking care of burned patients led to metamorphosis and adaptation to the requirements of burn care due to the students' improved attitudes, awareness and potentials. This finally turned the stressful nature of taking care of a burn patient into an attractive experience for them. Conclusion. Students with little clinical experience of stressful working situations in burn units faced different challenges. Due to the specific nature of taking care of burned patients, the clinical experiences of nursing students who offer these services are unique.

Objetivo. Describir las experiencias de atención de los estudiantes en las unidades de quemados. Métodos. Investigación cualitativa del tipo descriptivo fenomenológico que se realizó con la participación de ocho estudiantes senior de enfermería en el Shiraz College of Nursing and Midwifery en Irán. El método utilizado para reunir datos sobre las experiencias de los estudiantes en los servicios de atención de pacientes quemados fue la entrevista individual semiestructurada. El método Colaizzi se utilizó para analizar e interpretar los datos. Resultados. Emergieron tres temas principales: la experiencia atractiva pero estresante, tratando de adaptarse, y la metamorfosis en actitud. El cuidado a los pacientes quemados condujo a la metamorfosis y a la adaptación a los requerimientos del cuidado de las quemaduras, debido a que los estudiantes mejoraron las actitudes, mostraron mayor conciencia y desarrollaron potencialidades. Esto finalmente convirtió la naturaleza estresante de cuidar a un paciente quemado en una experiencia atractiva para ellos. Conclusión. Los estudiantes con poca experiencia clínica de situaciones laborales estresantes pueden enfrentar diversos desafíos en las unidades de quemados. Debido a la naturaleza específica del cuidado de este tipo de pacientes, las experiencias clínicas son únicas para los estudiantes de enfermería.

Objetivo. Descreva as experiências de atenção do aluno em unidades de queimados. Métodos. Pesquisa qualitativa, do tipo descritivo fenomenológico, realizada com a participação de oito estudantes seniores de enfermagem da Faculdade de Enfermagem e Obstetrícia Shiraz, no Irã. O método utilizado para coletar dados sobre as experiências dos estudantes nos serviços de queimados foi a entrevista individual semiestruturada. O método Colaizzi foi utilizado para analisar e interpretar os dados. Resultados. Surgiram três temas principais: a experiência atraente, porém estressante, tentando se adaptar e a metamorfose na atitude. Cuidar de pacientes queimados levou à metamorfose e adaptação às exigências do cuidado com queimaduras, porque os alunos melhoraram atitudes, mostraram maior consciência e desenvolveram potencialidades. Isso finalmente transformou a natureza estressante de cuidar de um paciente queimado em uma experiência atraente para eles. Conclusão. Alunos com pouca experiência clínica em situações estressantes de trabalho podem enfrentar vários desafios em unidades de queima. Devido à natureza específica do atendimento a esses pacientes, as experiências clínicas são únicas para os estudantes de enfermagem.