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1.
Radiat Environ Biophys ; 61(2): 301-307, 2022 05.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35171318

ABSTRACT

This study aimed to evaluate the ambient dose equivalent around a C-arm device during spinal surgeries and determine the optimum locations for the surgeon and staff to keep radiation exposure as low as reasonably achievable. Furthermore, cancer risk incidence was estimated using the excess relative risk (ERR) concept of the biologic effects of ionizing radiation VII report for operating room (OR) staff. A lateral projection of the C-arm setup was considered in the current study. The ambient dose equivalent rate was measured using an electronic dosimeter in 30° steps all around for 1, and 1.6-m heights as well as 1, and 2-m distances away from a water tank (scattering medium). By assuming a typical workload, the annual ambient dose and a maximum number of permissible operations were determined. For a worst-case scenario, the dose was used to estimate the ERR for various organs including prostate, ovary, breast, lung, thyroid, and colon for attained ages of 35, 40, and 50 years. The maximum ambient dose equivalent rate was seen at 330° and 30° (about 600 µSv/h at 1 m height and a distance of 1 m from the scattering medium). The corresponding permissible workload for an OR staff was about 30,660 operations. Based on the obtained results, 60° next to the image intensifier was the optimum position for the surgeon, while 30° next to the tube was the worst position because of backscattered radiation. The ERR results showed that the lung and colon have the highest cancer risk incidence among the considered organs for both males and females, respectively.


Subject(s)
Neoplasms , Occupational Exposure , Radiation Exposure , Fluoroscopy/adverse effects , Humans , Male , Operating Rooms , Radiation Dosage , Risk
2.
Iran J Public Health ; 44(2): 218-27, 2015 Feb.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25905056

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Malnutrition and dehydration are two most common types of ailments residents of nursing homes (NH) prone to. It is very important to assess these problems because they can predispose the residents to severe illnesses. The aim of this study was to gather information on nutritional status and its associated risk factors in elderly residents of NHs in Tehran, Iran. METHODS: From 16 NHs in Tehran, 263 residents were randomly selected. Data were collected via questionnaires, including demographic characteristics, past medical history, present health problems and daily routines. The MNA questionnaire was used to gather information regarding their nutritional status. RESULTS: The present study showed that 10.3% of the elderly residents in nursing homes were malnourished. 66.4% of males and 70.8% of females were at risk of malnutrition. Multivariate analysis showed that after adjusting for confounders the following elderly-related factors were the independent risk factors of malnutrition: consuming half or less than of the food (OR=8.0, 95%CI=3.7-17.7), having no teeth or good prosthesis (OR=1.7, 95%CI=1.1-2.7), diabetes (OR=1.6, 95%CI=1.1-2.4), smoking (OR=0.6, 95%CI=0.3-1.2), studying (OR=0.4 95%CI=0.2-0.9) and praying in their free time (OR=1.8 95%CI=1.2-2.6). CONCLUSION: The subjects' health-related factors and their free-time activities and nutritional behavior are the most important factors associated with poor nutrition among elderly residents of NHs; however, further investigation is needed to clarify the role of other factors in maintaining a suitable nutritional plan for them.

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