ABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION: Primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) is characterized by hypercalcemia and an elevated level of serum parathyroid hormone (PTH). PHPT presents with a complex set of renal, skeletal, and neuropsychological symptoms. Parathyroidectomy (PTX) is a radical treatment that is recommended for all physically symptomatic patients with PHPT. However, psychiatric symptoms are not considered as an indication for surgery. There remains an important issue from the view of perioperative management of whether PTX should be performed with the presence of uncontrolled psychiatric symptoms or deferred until severe psychiatric symptoms have been controlled. We report a case of mild hypercalcemia that caused severe psychosis in PHPT, which improved dramatically following PTX and resulted in successful postoperative management. PATIENT CONCERN: Our patient was a 68-year-old Japanese woman. She was diagnosed with PHPT, which was triggered by mild hypercalcemia. She was due to receive an operation for osteoporosis and kidney stones. She had severe psychosis, despite medication. Blood examinations revealed mild hypercalcemia (10.4âmg/dL, 8.8-10.1âmg/dL) and elevated serum levels of intact PTH (184.0âpg/mL, 10-65âpg/mL). DIAGNOSIS: She was diagnosed with severe psychosis caused by mild hypercalcemia in PHPT. INTERVENTIONS: Although she was treated with 37.5âmg quetiapine and 2âmg risperidone daily, she was excessively sedated and rejected oral treatment. Therefore, we decided to perform the operation. OUTCOMES: Immediately following surgery, serum levels of calcium, and intact PTH were normalized. Her psychotic symptoms ceased completely 5 days after surgery. CONCLUSION: We emphasize that PHPT presents with various severe psychiatric symptoms, even in mild hypercalcemia. Psychiatric symptoms may be the only salient symptoms in PHPT, and thus clinicians should suspect PHPT in patients with psychiatric symptoms and mild hypercalcemia. Furthermore, PTX is recommended for PHPT-even in the presence of severe uncontrolled psychiatric symptoms, which carries risks for postoperative management-because psychiatric symptoms are expected to improve and good postoperative management is possible.
Subject(s)
Hypercalcemia , Hyperparathyroidism, Primary , Parathyroidectomy/methods , Psychotic Disorders , Quetiapine Fumarate/therapeutic use , Risperidone/therapeutic use , Aged , Antipsychotic Agents/therapeutic use , Female , Humans , Hypercalcemia/diagnosis , Hypercalcemia/etiology , Hypercalcemia/psychology , Hyperparathyroidism, Primary/blood , Hyperparathyroidism, Primary/diagnosis , Hyperparathyroidism, Primary/psychology , Hyperparathyroidism, Primary/surgery , Parathyroid Hormone/blood , Patient Compliance/psychology , Psychiatric Status Rating Scales , Psychotic Disorders/etiology , Psychotic Disorders/physiopathology , Psychotic Disorders/therapy , Severity of Illness Index , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: Sublingual immunotherapy has been considered to be a painless and effective therapeutic treatment of patients with allergic rhinitis. Its mechanism of action has been elucidated, but there are still controversies among many reports between clinical efficacy and laboratory data. Therefore, its mechanism of action needs to be investigated further by using promising animal models such as rodents and monkeys. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Bearing this in mind, in our present study, we successfully constructed an effective murine model for sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT) in allergic rhinitis in which mice were sublingually administered ovalbumin (OVA), followed by intraperitoneal (ip) sensitization and intranasal (i.n.) challenge of OVA. RESULTS: To summarize our experimental data, nasal symptoms such as sneezing and nasal rubbing of sublingually treated mice were significantly attenuated in accordance with lower specific IgE antibodies in sera. Histological analysis of eosinophil recruitment in nasal mucosae reveals less allergic inflammation in sublingually treated mice. Interleukin-10 (IL-10) production and IL-10-specific mRNA gene expression of cultured submandibular lymph node (SMLN) cells with OVA, obtained from sublingually treated mice, were significantly higher than those of mice without sublingual treatment. CONCLUSION: These results demonstrate that sublingually introduced antigens can actually attenuate nasal symptoms in a murine allergic rhinitis model upon allergen exposures. Furthermore, our immunological data might indicate an important role of IL-10 producing T cells in SMLN to control nasal allergic reaction.
Subject(s)
Interleukin-10/metabolism , Lymph Nodes/metabolism , Rhinitis, Allergic/therapy , Sublingual Immunotherapy , T-Lymphocytes/metabolism , Animals , Disease Models, Animal , Female , Mice , Rhinitis, Allergic/complications , Rhinitis, Allergic/metabolism , SneezingABSTRACT
A reorganização do setor saúde, tanto no aspecto jurídico-administrativo quanto na concepção do modelo assistencial, através da criação do Sistema Único de Saúde(SUS), consagrado na Constituição Brasileira, promulgada em 05/10/88, tem repercussões imediatas sobre o papel das Secretarais de Saúde dos Estados na conformação do Sistema Estadual de Saúde. Embora estejamos em plena fase de transição para a estruturação definitiva do sistema de saúde, algumas coordenadas estão dadas em relação as competências - normalização, coordenação e gestão dos serviços de saúde - de cada instância. Neste contexto o município amplia sua responsabilidade na execução das ações de saúde, incorporando definitivamente a assistência médica. Concomitantemente, o estado retrai sua participação na gerência direta dos serviços de saúde. Esta conjuntura determina uma nova dimensão na relação estado/município com reflexos imediatos sobre a atuação dos técnicos do nível estadual que abandonam uma postura historicamente intervencionista para assumir a de caráter assessor, transferindo conhecimento técnico e sistematizando a experiência...
Subject(s)
Organizational Innovation , Health Planning , Master Plans , Health Programs and Plans , Government Programs , Health SystemsABSTRACT
Os autores utilizaram um estudo sobre Unidade Mista e dados estatísticos para melhor fundamentar a prioridade de programas a serem desenvolvidos. Com isso, estabelecem as principais atividades de enfermagem dentro desses programas,fluxos,recursos humanos,recursos materiais, e atentam para a importância de se ter uma supervisäo bem estruturada, como parte integrante de qualquer planejamento e educaçäo em serviço.
