[Prior exposure of the entrance wound region from clothing in suicides]. / Odstranování odevu a místa budoucího vstrelu u sebevrahu.

According to an old empiric rule related to suicidal gunshot wound still in use, suicides will rarely shoot through their clothing, but will put it aside to expose the nude skin. A bullet defect in victim's clothing was often interpreted as a suspicious finding. In our article, which is based on retrospective consecutive study of gunshot fatalities from 1980 to 2004, where all autopsies were performed in Department of Legal Medicine in Hradec Králové, there were 38 cases with suicidal gunshot wound of trunk. In file of 38 cases only 3 victims exposed the entrance wound region from their clothing (relative frequency of only 8%). Thus a bullet defect in clothing should not be interpreted as an absolute criterium, which could exclude the possibility of suicide or suggest homicide or an accident. But in case when gunshot victim has bared the region of the entrance wound from textile can this finding be interpreted as a typical indication for suicide.

Unusual form of accidental mechanical asphyxia.

This brief case report shows an unusual form of accidental atypical strangulation. A 46-year-old male became trapped between the rims of an automatically closing door during his hopeless effort to enter a supermarket at night. The victim's neck was violently pressed by the edges of the automatic door. From external observation we found an incomplete ligature mark and numerous small abrasions in the neck. On autopsy we found typical signs of asphyxia and fractures of the hyoid-laryngeal complex and bruising of the soft tissues of the neck. The subsequent toxicology was negative with the exception of alcohol level. We came to the common conclusion of a double form of mechanical asphyxia - atypical violent strangulation and atypical hanging. The third highly likely contributory factor of death was direct stimulation of the baroreceptor nerve endings in the left carotid sinus and left carotid sheath. In recent literature, there have been presented only a few cases describing this manner of asphyxia and death.

[Death due to fatal hypothermia in victims dissected in Department of Forensic Medicine in Hradec Králové between 1992-2003]. / Smrt prochlazením u osob pitvaných na USL Hradec Králové v letech 1992-2003.

Death due to hypothermia is diagnosed on the base of the unspecific morphological lesions. These lesions such as Wischewski spots, haemorrhage into the pancreas and haemorrhage into the skeletal paravertebral muscles etc. are not found periodically and regularly. We must know the anamnestic settings and the results of laboratory tests for final complete evaluation. Fatal hypothermia is under climate condition of our country quite often with the exception of summer months.

[Frequency of occurrence of traumatic aortic rupture in automobile passengers involved in a frontal crash with a static or dynamic obstacle]. / Cetnost výskytu úrazové ruptury aorty u posádek automobilu pri celním stretu se statickou ci dynamickou protijedoucí prekázkou.

There is a lesion of aortic thoracic complex in car-passengers during the frontal clash to a static or to a dynamic antipodal obstacle is described in this study. It is a retrospective analysis. Facts were noted especially from dissectional documents. All from 298 men died. The main cause of car-passengers death was a weighty traumatic lesion of cardiovascular system in 58.7%. The aortic rupture was noted in 98 (32.9%) people, the death was in 90.8% directly on the road and 9.2% at hospital. From the whole people who were accepted to a hospital were 9 (8.9%) with a traumatic aortic rupture. But nobody of them was transported to a special center and everyone died due to traumatic lesion of cardiovascular system. Statistical significant cofactors of aortic rupture were atherosclerosis of aortic wall and intensity of clash. Therefore we can expect an aortic rupture in every third dead frontal car crash participant on a dynamic or static obstacle. Nearly 10% from men with traumatic aortic rupture were transported to a hospital. No aortic rupture was diagnosed.

[An interesting paleopathologic finding of healed multiple war injuries of a skull]. / Zajímavý paleopatologický nález vícecetného zhojeného válecného poranení lebky.

The presentation describes an interesting finding of healed multiple war cutting wounds in adult male skull. The examined dry skull belong to the extensive osteologic collection which comes from the abolished "Broumov Ossuary". The set encompasses skeletal remains of the population from the 13th to 18th centuries.

[Overview of the changes in alcohol content of beers produced in the Czech Republic]. / Prehled aktuálních zmen v obsahu alkoholu u piv vyrábených v Ceské republice.

Paper concerns the alcohol contents of beer now produced. The previous and contemporary ways of beer signing as well as a complete list of beer sorts produced in the Czech Republic is presented.

[Detection of fluid in paranasal sinuses as a possible diagnostic sign of death by drowning]. / Nachweis von Flüssigkeit in den Nasennebenhöhlen als mögliches diagnostisches Zeichen des Ertrinkungstodes.

A total of 387 cases of drowning in fresh water were investigated for the occurrence of liquid in sinus sphenoidalis and both left and right sinus maxillaris. About 75 per cent of the victims had positive findings of liquid in these cavities. This kind of investigation can be an auxiliary method in diagnosis of drowning.

[Drowning--characteristic signs and calculation of their diagnostic value]. / Utopení--charakteristické známky a výpocet jejich diagnostické hodnoty.

In a group of 387 drowned subject and 50 controls typical signs of drowning were investigated. Paltaufs spots, aqueous emphysema of the lungs, liquid in the stomach, significant drop of chlorides, creatinine and urea in the left heart and presence of liquid in the paranasal sinuses. The author investigated the frequency of these signs and by comparison of data of these signs in the two groups the diagnostic importance of different diagnostic signs was calculated.

[The presence of fluid in the paranasal sinuses in comparison with other diagnostic signs of drowning]. / Prítomnost tekutiny ve vedlejsích nosních dutinách v porovnání s dalsími diagnostickými znaky utopení.

In a group of 387 drowned subjects and 50 control subjects the author investigated the presence and amount of fluid in the paranasal sinuses: in the cavity of the sphenoid bone and in the right and left maxillary sinus in conjunction with other signs supporting the diagnosis of drowning (presence of Paltauf spots, pulmonary aqueous emphysema, fluid in the stomach, drop of chlorides, creatinine and urea in the left heart). Fluid in the paranasal sinuses was found in 289 (74.4%) of the drowned subjects and in one control subject (2%).

[Head injuries after an attack by an unarmed assailant]. / Poranení hlavy po napadení neozbrojeným útocníken.

From an analysis of injuries ensues clearly that even an attack by an unarmed aggressor aimed at the head of the victim is very dangerous and can cause a wide range of injuries from trivial to very serious ones leading to prolonged work incapacity. It is not possible to conclude from the injuries by how many blows it was caused because even after a single injury severe and complicated injuries may develop. From the injury it is not possible to assess unequivocally whether the injury was proceeded by a fist, open hand or foot or a combination of the two. In two subjects of the group permanent sequelae developed (one injury of the eye, 1 disfiguring scar of the eyelid).

[Head injuries caused by beer glasses and bottles]. / Poranení hlavy pivními sklenicemi a lahvemi.

The authors investigated head injuries in 23 subjects caused by beer glasses and bottles, differentiating thin-walled and thick-walled glasses, full and empty bottles and whether the injury was caused by hitting with the bottle or throwing it. A large range of injuries was found--from trivial ones to serious health damage. From the character of the injury the injuring object cannot be assessed.

[Accidental gunshot injury of the common carotid artery in a 19-year-old man]. / Náhodné strelné poranení spolecné karotidy u 19letého muze.

The author describes a case of a gunshot injury of the right common carotid artery in a 19-year-old man. The injury was caused by a single-shot pistol of German make, calibre 6 mm, Flaubert. The patient was operated at the First Surgical Clinic in Hradec Králové, a reconstruction of the injured artery was made, using a venous patch. The patient recovered per primam. The injury left to sequelae.

[Laboratory diagnosis of drowning]. / Príspevek k laboratorní diagnostice utopení.

The values of chlorides, creatinine and urea were followed in the left and right heart of 266 drowned and 34 undrowned persons. The results were computer-analyzed. There was a high correlation of the compounds in the left and right heart of the drowned persons. In the group of undrowned subjects the limit of reliability was very low. There was a high statistical significance between the values of chlorides and creatinine and between chlorides and urea in the group of drowned persons, while in the control group there was no statistical significance between the individual compounds.