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1.
J Agric Food Chem ; 71(51): 20602-20612, 2023 Dec 27.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38088835

ABSTRACT

Ionotropic receptors (IRs) play an important role in olfaction, but little is known in nondrosophila insects. Here, we report in vitro and in vivo functional characterization of IR75q.2 in the invasive moth pest Spodoptera frugiperda. First, 13 IRs (including four coreceptor IRs) were found specifically or highly expressed in adult antennae. Second, these IRs were tested for responding profiles to 59 odorants using the Xenopus oocyte expression system, showing that only SfruIR75q.2 responded to 8-10C fatty acids and their corresponding aldehydes, with SfruIR8a as the only coreceptor. Third, the three acids (especially nonanoic acid) showed repellent effects on moth's behavior and oviposition, but the repellence significantly reduced to the insects with IR75q.2 knockout by CRISPR/Cas9. Taken together, our study reveals the function of SfruIR75q.2 in perception of acid and aldehyde odorants and provides the first in vivo evidence for olfactory function of an odor-specific IR in Lepidoptera.


Subject(s)
Moths , Animals , Female , Spodoptera/physiology , Moths/genetics , Insecta , Fatty Acids/metabolism , Larva
2.
Insects ; 14(3)2023 Feb 22.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36975901

ABSTRACT

The olfactory system in insects are crucial for recognition of host plants and oviposition sites. General odorant binding proteins (GOBPs) are thought to be involved in detecting odorants released by host plants. Orthaga achatina (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) is one of the most serious pests of camphor trees, Cinnamomum camphora (L.) Presl, an important urban tree species in southern China. In this study, we study the GOBPs of O. achatina. Firstly, two full-length GOBP genes (OachGOBP1 and OachGOBP2) were successfully cloned according to transcriptome sequencing results, and real-time quantitative PCR measurements showed that both GOBP genes were specifically expressed in the antennae of both sexes, proposing their important roles in olfaction. Then, both GOBP genes were heterologous expressed in Escherichia coli and fluorescence competitive binding assays were conducted. The results showed that OachGOBP1 could bind Farnesol (Ki = 9.49 µM) and Z11-16: OH (Ki = 1.57 µM). OachGOBP2 has a high binding affinity with two camphor plant volatiles (Farnesol, Ki = 7.33 µM; α-Phellandrene, Ki = 8.71 µM) and two sex pheromone components (Z11-16: OAc, Ki = 2.84 µM; Z11-16: OH, Ki = 3.30 µM). These results indicate that OachGOBP1 and OachGOBP2 differ in terms of odorants and other ligands. Furthermore, key amino acid residues that bind to plant volatiles were identified in GOBPs using 3-D structure modeling and ligand molecular docking, predicting the interactions between the GOBPs and the host plant volatiles.

3.
Zhongguo Yi Liao Qi Xie Za Zhi ; 45(5): 483-486, 2021 Sep 30.
Article in Chinese | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34628757

ABSTRACT

This article aims to study the factors affecting the flexibility of the tip of an epidural anesthesia catheter. The flexibility of the tip of the epidural anesthesia catheter was tested with a softness tester from four aspects:raw materials, tip structure, tip processing technology, and the outer diameter of the catheter. Highly flexible and malleable polymer material with a smooth tip, the tip softening process and the proper outer diameter can effectively improve the tip flexibility of the epidural anesthesia catheter.


Subject(s)
Anesthesia, Epidural , Catheterization , Catheters , Epidural Space
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