[Psychological problems in breast cancer patients should be taken seriously].

With the transformation of the biopsychosocial medical model, psychological problems and related interventions for breast cancer patients have received more and more attention. Patients often have various psychological problems, in diagnosis, treatment, and even in the state of disease-free survival, such as anxiety and depression, which not only seriously reduces the quality of life, but also affects the follow-up treatment and increases the risk of recurrence and metastasis. Therefore, physicians should perform routine psychological screening and appropriate intervention for patients. In recent years, psychological intervention has gradually become an important part of comprehensive breast cancer treatment, in which cognitive behavior therapy can alleviate patients' anxiety and sleep disorders, mindfulness therapy can treat patients' anxiety, depression and fear of cancer recurrence, and psychoeducational support is mainly used to address patients' mood disorders and sexual dysfunction. Improving patients' compliance with treatment and quality of life is the main goal of psychological intervention for breast cancer patients.

[Effect of tenofovir disoproxil fumarate antiviral therapy on virus-specific CD8+T Cells function in patients with chronic hepatitis B].

Objective: To observe the effect of tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) antiviral therapy on HBV-specific CD8(+)T cell function in peripheral blood of patients with HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis B, and to assess its correlation with HBeAg sero-negativeness. Methods: Sixty-three cases with HLA-A02 restricted HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis B who received TDF (300 mg/d) antiviral therapy were enrolled from October 2016 to July 2018. The peripheral blood CD8(+)T cells were separated at baseline and 48 weeks after treatment. The peripheral blood T cells count were detected by flow cytometry. The frequency of HBV-specific CD8(+)T cells secreting perforin, granzyme B, and interferon-γ (IFN-γ) were detected by enzyme-linked immunoblotting test. Direct and indirect contact co-culture system was established between HBV-specific CD8(+)T cells and HepG2.2.15 cells. HBV DNA was detected in the culture supernatant. Target cell mortality was calculated by lactate dehydrogenase level. Cytokines expression was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Virus-specific CD8(+)T cells cytokilling and non-cytokilling functions were evaluated. Measurement data of the two groups were compared by t-test or paired t-test. Results: Viral response, biochemical response, and HBeAg seroconversion rate at 48 weeks of TDF treatment were 100%, 90.48% (57/63), and 25.40% (16/63), respectively. There was no statistically significant difference in peripheral blood T cell count when compared with baseline and control group at 48 weeks of TDF treatment (P > 0.05). At 48 weeks of TDF treatment, the frequency of HBV-specific CD8(+)T cells secreting perforin, granzyme B, and IFN-γ in CHB patients was significantly higher than baseline (P < 0.001). Furthermore, the frequency of HBV-specific CD8(+)T cells secreting perforin, granzyme B, and IFN-γ was also significantly higher in CHB patients with HBeAg negative than that of non-negative (P < 0.05). HBV-specific CD8(+)T cells had induced significant down-regulation of HBV DNA in the supernatant of HepG2.2.15 cell culture (P < 0.001) and remarkable IFN-γ and interleukin-2 secretion (P < 0.05) at 48 weeks of TDF therapy in direct and indirect contact co-culture system. However, HepG2.2.15 cells death rate induced by virus-specific CD8(+)T cells was increased only in the direct contact co-culture system (21.7% ± 6.18% vs. 16.1% ± 4.15%, P < 0.001). Compared with HBeAg non-negative patients, HBeAg negative CHB patients with HBV-specific CD8(+)T cells had induced a strong decrease in HBV DNA (P < 0.001) and an increase in IFN-γ secretion level (P < 0.05). However, the target cell death proportion difference between HBeAg negative and non-negative patients was not statistically significant (P > 0.05). Conclusion: During TDF treatment, with the viral load reduction, virus-specific CD8(+)T cells cytokilling and non-cytokilling functions are significantly enhanced, and are closely related to HBeAg negative.

[Clinical characteristics analysis of 1 808 rheumatism in-patients with oral candidiasis].

Objective: To analyze the clinical characteristics of oral candidiasis (OC) in in-patients with rheumatism, in order to provide theoretical basis for the prevention and treatment of OC in rheumatism patients. Methods: One thousand eight hundred and eight in-patients were recruited in the Department of Rheumatology, the Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University from January 2017 to December 2017. The patients included 607 males and 1 201 females. Their average age was (49.5±15.5) years old with a ranging from 14 to 81 years. According to occurrence of OC or not, the patients were divided into OC group and non-OC group. The differences of general data, primary diseases, laboratory examinations, usage of glucocorticoid and immunosuppressant therapy were compared between the two groups, and the risk factors of OC occurrence were analyzed. Results: Two hundred and sixty-nine patients had OC and 1 539 patients had no OC. Age [(54.9±14.7) years], duration of illness [(9.4±4.4) years] and hospital stay [(15.3±5.7) d] in OC group were significantly longer than those in non-OC group. OC incidence in patients with connective tissue disease (CTD) [17.40% (193/1 109)] was higher than that in non-CTD patients [10.87% (75/699)] (P<0.001). OC most likely occurred in patients with such CTD as Sjögren syndrome (SS) and Behcet syndrome. OC incidence in non-CTD patients with osteoarthritis (OA) was highest. The salivary flow rate in OC group [(0.65±0.45) ml/min] was significantly lower than that in non-OC group [(0.78± 0.39) ml/min] (t=2.394, P=0.017). There was no statistical differences in other laboratory examinations between the two groups, including white blood cells (WBC), lymphocyte, platelet count, liver function, renal function, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, C-reactive protein, procalcitonin, immunoglobulin G, immunoglobulin M, immunoglobulin A, C(3), C(4) and so on. OC incidence in patients using prednisone≥15 mg/d [17.16% (133/775)] was higher than that in patients using prednisone<15 mg/d [12.53% (94/750)] and patients not using prednisone [14.84% (42/283)] (P<0.05). The incidence of OC in patients with immunosuppressant therapy [16.11% (226/1 403)] was statistically higher than that in non-immunosuppressant patients [10.62% (43/405)] (P<0.01). Logistic regression analysis showed that the risk factors of OC occurrence included primary diseases (P<0.001), age (P<0.001), duration of illness (P=0.001) and duration of hospitalization (P=0.002). Conclusions: OC occurred commonly in rheumatism in-patients, especially in elder patients, patients with long duration of illness and hospital stay. OC incidence in CTD patients is significantly higher than that in non-CTD patients. Glucocorticoid and immunosuppressant therapy might significantly reduce the anti-fungal immunity of the patients.

Up-regulation of microRNA-503 by high glucose reduces the migration and proliferation but promotes the apoptosis of human umbilical vein endothelial cells by inhibiting the expression of insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor.

OBJECTIVE: The present study is aimed to investigate the regulatory effect of microRNA (miRNA or miR)-503 on endothelial functions, as well as the mechanism by which high glucose leads to injury of endothelial cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS: When reaching 80% confluency, human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were subjected to non-serum synchronization for 12 h, and medium of cells in high-glucose (HG) group was replaced by normal medium supplemented with 25 mmol/L D-glucose. HUVECs cultured in normal glucose (NG) medium were used as control. To overexpress miR-503, HUVECs were transfected with miR-503 mimics. To silence insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF-1R) mRNA, HUVECs were transfected with small interfering RNA (siRNA). To predict whether miR-503 targets IGF-1R, bioinformatics was performed. Quantitative Real-time polymerase chain reaction was used to determine miR-503 and IGF-1R mRNA expression, and Western blotting was employed to measure IGF-1R protein expression. Cell-Counting Kit 8 assay was used to determine HUVECs proliferation, while wound-healing assay was used to evaluate HUVECs migration. HUVECs apoptosis was investigated by measuring caspase 3 activity. RESULTS: Expression of IGF-1R in HUVECs in high glucose was decreased compared to that in normal glucose. miR-503 was predicted to target IGF-1R mRNA, and miR-503 expression in HUVECs in high glucose was higher than that in normal glucose. Overexpression of miR-503 inhibited the transcription and the translation of IGF-1R gene reducing migration, suppressed proliferation and promoted apoptosis. Transfection with IGF-1R siRNA decreased IGF-1R protein expression in HUVECs. Down-regulated IGF-1R expression reduced migration and proliferation, but promoted apoptosis of HUVECs. CONCLUSIONS: The present study demonstrates that miR-503 expression in HUVECs is elevated in high glucose condition. Also, miR-503 reduces migration and proliferation, but promotes apoptosis of HUVECs by inhibiting IGF-1R expression.

[The application of anterior segment optical coherence tomography in residual strabismus surgery].

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the application of anterior segment optical coherence tomography (ASOCT) in surgical design for residual horizontal strabismus patients. METHODS: This article was a retrospective case series analysis. Total 20 residual strabismus patients (13 with residual exotropia and 7 with residual esotropia) in Eye Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University from Jan 2009 to Jan 2011 were studied. Routine strabismus examinations were completed preoperatively. The distance between insertion of horizontal rectus muscles and corneal limbus were measured with ASOCT preoperatively and calipers intraoperatively. Reoperational amount and method for residual strabismus patients were designed according to the limbus-insertion distance. The paired t test was used to compare the agreement between two methods of measurement of limbus-insertion distance. The cure rates of reoperation were analyzed. RESULTS: No statistical significance was observed between the measurements with ASOCT (7.7±1.7) mm and calipers (7.8±1.1)mm (t=-1.37, P=0.19). According to ASOCT image, the second surgical method was re-recession muscle for 4 patients; re-recession of original performed muscle combined with antagonist muscle resection for 10 patients and antagonist muscle resection combined with horizontal rectus muscle recession in fellow eye for 6 patients. All the surgical processes went on successfully, no severe intraoperative and postopereative complications were noted. Sixteen cases were cured (80%) . CONCLUSIONS: Horizontal rectus muscle evaluation with ASOCT preoperatively may benefit the choice of performed muscle, calculation of surgical amount, reduction of unnecessary surgical procedure and optimization second surgical design for residual strabismus patients. (Chin J Ophthalmol, 2016, 52: 568-573).

Temperature-Dependent Development and Reproductive Traits of Tyrophagus putrescentiae (Sarcoptiformes: Acaridae) Reared on Different Edible Mushrooms.

China is the largest producer, consumer, and exporter of mushrooms in the world. The storage mite, Tyrophagus putrescentiae Schrank, is one of the most important arthropod pests in mushroom cultivation. This study investigated the development and reproductive traits of this mite reared on four mushroom species: Agaricus bisporus Lange, Pleurotus ostreatus Kumm, Auricularia polytricha (Mont.) Sacc., and Flammulina velutipes (Fr.) Sing., at seven constant temperatures ranging from 16 to 34 °C at 80% relative humidity. Development time for the immature stages decreased with increasing temperature, and was also significantly affected by mushroom species. The shortest immature developmental period (7.0 ± 0.2 d) was observed at 31 °C when reared on F. velutipes, while the longest development was at 16 °C (36.0 ± 0.3 d) reared on P. ostreatus. The effects of temperature and mushroom hosts on the development, female longevity, and reproduction were also significant. The lower threshold temperatures from egg-to-adult for the four mushroom species were 11.97, 12.02, 10.80, and 11.57 °C, for A. bisporus, P. ostreatus, Au. polytricha, and F. velutipes, and the thermal constants were 133.3, 136.8, 165.2, and 135.9 degree days (°C d), for the same mushroom species, respectively. Life table parameters at 25 °C were estimated as follows: net reproductive rates (R0), 59.16, 28.94, 42.62, and 62.93, and intrinsic rate of natural increase (rm), 0.24, 0.13, 0.17, and 0.24, respectively. These results suggest that these mushrooms are suitable hosts for T. putrescentiae, and the storage mite may be able to adapt to higher temperatures.

Occurrence of matrix-bound phosphine in intertidal sediments of the Yangtze Estuary.

This study investigated the levels and potential transformation of matrix-bound phosphine in the intertidal sediments (0-5cm) of the Yangtze Estuary. Matrix-bound phosphine concentrations in sediments ranged from 0.65 to 3.25ngkg(-1), with an annual average of 1.53ngkg(-1). In freshwater sediments, the concentrations of matrix-bound phosphine were significantly higher than in the brackish sediments. The maximum concentrations of matrix-bound phosphine appeared in July (1.17-3.25ngkg(-1)), followed by May (0.92-3.01ngkg(-1)), November (0.65-2.41ngkg(-1)) and January (0.51-1.42ngkg(-1)). Matrix-bound phosphine derived probably from the mechanochemical reduction of apatite-bound phosphate and the microbial conversion of organic phosphorus in the intertidal sediments. Its spatial and seasonal distributions, however, were regulated by salinity and sediment temperature. Compared with other aquatic systems (e.g. rivers, lakes and coastal seas), a low level of matrix-bound phosphine was observed in the intertidal sediments, probably implicating a relatively rapid turnover of phosphine in the system.

Organic carbon and nitrogen stable isotopes in the intertidal sediments from the Yangtze Estuary, China.

The natural isotopic compositions and C/N elemental ratios of sedimentary organic matter were determined in the intertidal flat of the Yangtze Estuary. The results showed that the ratios of carbon and nitrogen stable isotopes were respectively -29.8 per thousand to -26.0 per thousand and 1.6 per thousand-5.5 per thousand in the flood season (July), while they were -27.3 per thousand to -25.6 per thousand and 1.7 per thousand-7.8 per thousand in the dry season (February), respectively. The delta(13)C signatures were remarkably higher in July than in February, and gradually increased from the freshwater areas to the brackish areas. In contrast, there were relatively complex seasonal and spatial changes in stable nitrogen isotopes. It was also reflected that delta(15)N and C/N compositions had been obviously modified by organic matter diagenesis and biological processing, and could not be used to trace the sources of organic matter at the study area. In addition, it was considered that the mixing inputs of terrigenous and marine materials generally dominated sedimentary organic matter in the intertidal flat. The contribution of terrigenous inputs to sedimentary organic matter was roughly estimated according to the mixing balance model of stable carbon isotopes.

Interaction potential among dust grains in a plasma with ion flow.

Linear-response dielectric theory is used to study the interaction potential between dust grains in a flowing plasma, taking into account the finite sizes and the asymmetric charge distributions of the grains. This potential can be divided into two parts: a screened Coulomb potential and a wake potential. The former is a short-ranged repulsive potential, while the later is a long-ranged oscillatory potential which acts only on trailing grains. Both the amplitude and wavelength of the wake potential depend on the Mach number. The grain size and the asymmetric charge distribution may affect the interaction potential in a significant way when the distances between grains are comparable with the grain size, or when the grain size is comparable with the plasma Debye length.