[Progress on diagnosis and treatment of the terrible triad of elbow joint].

The terrible triad of elbow is a kind of complex elbow fracture dislocation, after reduction, it should get a concentric circles joint reduction and elbow stability, if radial and coronoid process fractures is less piece, the conservative treatment can be performed, but regularly follow up is mandatory. If surgical treatment was chosen, radial head fractures and the lateral collateral ligament complex must be repaired. Single lateral approach can be used and also can be combined with anteromedial approach in surgery. Some problems are still controversial in the treatment of coronoid process fracture with Morry type I and type II, such as fixation or not, whether additional external fixation and repair of the medial collateral ligament injury at the same time.

Four tetrazolate-based 3D frameworks with diverse subunits directed by inorganic anions and azido coligand: hydro/solvothermal syntheses, crystal structures, and magnetic properties.

Four tetrazolate (tz(-))-based magnetic metal-organic frameworks, [Cu5(µ3-OH)2(SO4)2(tz)4]n (), {[Cu3(tz)4Cl2]·1.4CH3OH}n (), [Cu(N3)(tz)]n () and {[Cu5(tz)9]Cl·4H2O}n (), were hydro/solvothermally synthesized, and structurally and magnetically characterized. Structural analyses reveal that the former two samples exhibit the same eight-connected topological framework assembled from different subunits. Hourglass-shaped {Cu5(µ3-OH)2}(8+) cores in are periodically extended by mixed µ3-/µ4-tz(-) and µ4-SO4(2-) heterolinkers, while the linear {Cu3(µ-Cl)2}(4+) blocks in are repeatedly intersected by ditopic µ3-tz(-) connectors. In contrast, the square grid-shaped network of is constructed from linear {Cu(µ1,1-N3)}(+) chains and µ3-tz(-) linkers. Complex consists of trigonal-prismatic {Cu8(µ3-tz)6}(10+) subunits, which are interlinked into hexagonal microporous architecture by mirror-symmetry µ4-tz(-) ligands. Thus, the various subunits of are significantly tuned by the co-coordination of the inorganic anions and/or the azido co-ligand, and the backbone extensions are directed by the polytopic tetrazolate ligand. Magnetically, different ordering arrangements of the non-zero magnetizations produced in the local Cu(II)5 and Cu(II)3 subunits eventually lead to unusual ferrimagnetic and canted antiferromagnetic properties in and . Strong antiferromagnetic couplings mediated by the mixed tz(-) and/or azido bridges result in overall S = 0 spin ground-states of and .

Structural motif-dependent magnetic diversity observed in three-dimensional tetrazolyl-based MMOFs: synthesis, structures and magnetism.

Three extended three-dimensional (3D) magnetic metal-organic frameworks (MMOFs), {[Mn3(H2O)2(atz)4Cl2]·2CH3OH}n (1), {[Mn2(H2O)(atz)2(ip)]·C2H5OH}n (2) and {[Mn2(H2O)2(atz)(btc)]·3H2O·0.7CH3OH}n (3) (atz(-) = 5-aminotetrazolate, ip(2-) = isophthalate and btc(3-) = 1,3,5-benzenetricarboxylate), were respectively obtained by varying the coligands with different numbers of functionalities and molecular topology, and structurally and magnetically characterized. Complex 1 exhibits an eight-connected 3(6)·4(18)·5(3)·6 topological network with linear Mn(II)3 subunits periodically linked by ditopic atz(-) connectors. Complex 2 possesses a pillared-layer framework constructed from undulated {Mn2(atz)2} layers and bidirectional ip(2-) spacers. By contrast, 3 consists of bent one-dimensional (1D) {Mn(atz)} ribbons, which are crosslinked through the carboxylate groups of tripodal btc(3-) connectors to generate a 3D architecture. Structural analysis reveals that the interesting motifs of 1-3 and their diverse linkages are significantly dominated by the cooperate coordination of the mixed ligands to the octahedral Mn(II) ion. Magnetically, 1 displays ferrimagnetic behavior resulting from the periodic arrangement of the net moment in the Mn(II)3 subunit, which is scarcely observed in the homometallic azolate systems. Complex 2 features unusual coexistence of spin-canted antiferromagnetic behavior and field-induced spin-flop transition due to the asymmetric magnetic superexchange within the two-dimensional (2D) {Mn2(atz)2} sublayer. By contrast, only antiferromagnetic ordering is observed in the 1D {Mn(atz)} ribbon of 3. These interesting results suggest that the diverse structural motifs by the cooperate coordination of octahedral Mn(II) ion with the N-rich tetrazolyl group can more significantly direct the magnetic behaviors and could be hopefully utilized upon the construction of novel MMOFs.