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1.
J Appl Behav Anal ; 55(4): 1172-1192, 2022 10.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35708196

ABSTRACT

In theory, the principles, processes, and concepts of applied behavior analysis are universally applicable. In practice, clinicians commit their lives to serving specific populations in specific settings for which specialization is needed. The purpose of this 6-year retrospective consecutive case series was to describe and evaluate the quality and validity of a practicum experience tailored to develop specialized expertise in the assessment and treatment of challenging behavior for pre-service practitioners enrolled in a department of a special education program.


Subject(s)
Universities , Humans , Retrospective Studies
2.
J Appl Behav Anal ; 55(4): 1220-1238, 2022 10.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35719034

ABSTRACT

This paper represents the third in a three-part series intended to challenge the social validity of the services provided by a university-based practicum for addressing the challenging behavior of individuals with disabilities. In this paper, we surveyed referring stakeholders (e.g., parents, teachers) of past service recipients to explore the acceptability of the service model's goals, methods, and outcomes. We probed for tensions resultant from the model's threefold mission (service, training, and research) and explored how conflicts between these goals affected the quality of our services. Generally, results were favorable and appeared to support continued model implementation, but not without qualification. Emergent themes, areas for improvement, and future directions for intervention research are all discussed.


Subject(s)
Parents , Humans , Surveys and Questionnaires , Universities
3.
J Appl Behav Anal ; 55(4): 1193-1219, 2022 10.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35762194

ABSTRACT

Individualization and iterative design are essential components of the assessment and treatment of challenging behavior. Currently, there are few validated frameworks for engaging in iterative processes. Due to the nature of single-case design, empirically rigorous evaluations of decision-tree processes are particularly prohibitive. Notwithstanding, evaluations are needed. In this paper we first describe a function-informed and mechanisms-based (FIMB) framework for selecting treatment components employed by a university-based practicum experience designed to expose pre-service practitioners to a valid treatment process for challenging behavior. Then, we share a completed retrospective consecutive case series across a 6-year period in which we conducted a technique analysis to identify which procedures were most commonly selected in the practicum, and the impact of those choices on client outcomes. The results suggest that the model can be highly effective for some, but not all, cases. Implications are discussed.


Subject(s)
Retrospective Studies , Humans
4.
Am J Intellect Dev Disabil ; 125(3): 200-216, 2020 05.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32357105

ABSTRACT

During functional analysis (FA), therapists arrange contingencies between potential reinforcers and problem behavior. It is unclear whether this fact, in and of itself, facilitates problem behavior's acquisition of new (false-positive) functions. If problem behavior can come under the control of contingencies contrived between it and known reinforcers for which there is no direct history, then outcomes of reinforcer analysis (RA) should perfectly predict FA outcomes. This study evaluated the degree to which RA outcomes corresponded with FA outcomes for eight participants referred to a university-based outpatient clinic for problem behavior. For 75% (6 of 8) of participants, correspondence was imperfect. These findings appear to support the construct validity of contemporary interpretations of FA data.


Subject(s)
Behavior Therapy , Child Behavior/psychology , Problem Behavior/psychology , Reinforcement, Psychology , Child , Female , Humans , Male
5.
J Autism Dev Disord ; 49(2): 721-728, 2019 Feb.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30229359

ABSTRACT

Challenging behaviors involving food are common for individuals with Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) and often lead to obesity and other chronic health conditions. Efforts to decrease these behaviors, such as isolation during meals and strict monitoring of food consumption, can be stigmatizing. To decrease the food stealing of a 7 year-old girl with PWS, therapists conducted a latency-based functional analysis in a clinic setting before implementing a function-based intervention to facilitate her inclusion at the family dinner table. Intervention components entailed differential reinforcement procedures which incorporated a token board and schedule thinning. The intervention successfully generalized to the home setting and across food preferences and implementers.


Subject(s)
Behavior Therapy/methods , Prader-Willi Syndrome/rehabilitation , Reinforcement, Psychology , Theft/prevention & control , Child , Female , Food Preferences , Humans , Male , Prader-Willi Syndrome/psychology , Theft/psychology
6.
Behav Modif ; 42(3): 422-440, 2018 05.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29166775

ABSTRACT

Research has shown that physical aggression is common in individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Interventions for multiply controlled aggression may be complex and difficult to implement with fidelity. As a result, the probability of treatment efficacy for this class of behavior may suffer. We designed an individualized levels system to reduce the physical aggression of an 11-year-old female with ASD. We then employed a systematic stimulus pairing procedure to facilitate generalization. Results suggest individualized levels systems can suppress multiply controlled aggression and that systematic stimulus pairing is an effective way to transfer treatment effects from trained therapists to caregivers.


Subject(s)
Aggression/physiology , Autism Spectrum Disorder/rehabilitation , Behavior Therapy/methods , Communication , Reinforcement, Psychology , Autism Spectrum Disorder/physiopathology , Child , Female , Humans
7.
J Appl Behav Anal ; 50(3): 487-494, 2017 Jul.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28556903

ABSTRACT

Latency-based functional analysis (FA) may be a viable alternative to the standard, rate-based, FA when frequently evoking problem behavior is not advisable. We conducted 18 latency-based FAs of the problem behavior of children diagnosed with autism in inpatient hospital settings and identified functional relations during 44.4% (8 of 18) of latency-based FAs. Implications for conducting FAs of severe problem behavior are discussed.


Subject(s)
Autistic Disorder/therapy , Behavior Therapy , Problem Behavior/psychology , Adolescent , Behavior Therapy/methods , Child , Female , Humans , Inpatients/psychology , Male , Treatment Outcome
8.
J Autism Dev Disord ; 47(4): 1249-1255, 2017 Apr.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28144879

ABSTRACT

This study evaluated the effectiveness of a clustered forward chaining (CFC) procedure to teach a 23-year-old male with autism to follow written recipes. CFC incorporates elements of forward chaining (FC) and total task chaining (TTC) by teaching a small number of steps (i.e., units) using TTC, introducing new units sequentially (akin to FC), and prompting through untrained steps. Results indicated that CFC was effective for teaching the participant to follow written recipes. Results maintained with therapist support for 3-5 weeks for all recipes, and maintained when therapist support was removed.


Subject(s)
Autistic Disorder/psychology , Reading , Teaching , Humans , Male , Writing , Young Adult
9.
Behav Anal Pract ; 9(2): 165-8, 2016 Jun.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27606246

ABSTRACT

We assessed acquisition and preference for various mand topographies in the presence of establishing operations that, historically, evoked the aggression of a child with autism. First, we implemented functional communication training (FCT) and reinforced picture exchange, iPad®, or GoTalk® activations in a multi-element format (noting differences in aggression and/or mand independence across conditions). Then, we conducted a concurrent-operant mand preference assessment. Finally, we presented assessment results to the subject's mother and asked her to indicate her own preference. Parent and subject preferences were aligned and we completed therapy using the iPad®.

10.
Behav Anal Pract ; 9(3): 199-210, 2016 Sep.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27622126

ABSTRACT

Individuals with developmental disabilities successfully participate in fewer recreation activities, including sports activities, than their typically developing peers. Although a functional basketball-playing repertoire might increase social opportunities and physical health for these individuals, no research has outlined a behavior-analytic strategy for teaching this sport. In our study, we taught a 13-year-old male diagnosed with autism to play basketball. During phase 1, we employed discrete-trial training to establish proficiency with nine fundamental basketball skills (i.e., recruiting attention, passing, dribbling, etc.). During phase 2, we used a forward chaining procedure to teach-specific sequences of these component skills that are appropriate for playing offense and defense and for participating in a full-court basketball drill. The participant learned all pre-requisite skills and response chains came under the control of contextually appropriate discriminative stimuli.

11.
Behav Anal Pract ; 8(1): 48-51, 2015 May.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27703880

ABSTRACT

No research has used latency-based functional analysis (FA) outcomes as baseline data from which to evaluate the effectiveness of subsequent function-based treatments. This approach to analysis calls for the continued collection of latency-based measures for all targeted variables throughout all phases of treatment. We tracked client progress during treatment using latency-based, rate-based, and percentage-of-opportunity measures of relevant behavior and compared graphical representations of each. Visual inspection of all data indicates that changes in variability level and trend of latency-based measures correspond well with said changes in more traditional measures.

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