The arts and the social determinants of health: findings from an inquiry conducted by the United Kingdom All-Party Parliamentary Group on Arts, Health and Wellbeing.

Background: The United Kingdom All-Party Parliamentary Group on Arts, Health and Wellbeing was formed in 2014 and, the following year, initiated an Inquiry into the relationship between arts engagement, health and wellbeing. This led to a substantial report being launched in Parliament in July 2017.Methods: The Inquiry comprised 16 round-table discussions, a series of expert meetings and a lengthy period of desk-based research. The latter applied a realist method in seeking to reconcile policy, practice and evidence. Consideration of the social determinants of health formed the theoretical framework.Results: Evidence was found of a beneficial relationship between arts engagement, health and wellbeing across the life course.Conclusions: Arts engagement can mitigate the social determinants of health by influencing perinatal mental health and child cognitive development; shaping educational and employment opportunities and compensating for work-related stress; building individual resilience and enhancing communities. Further research is needed in this area.

'Speaking about the unspeakable': Clinical psychologists views on the role of the profession regarding 'forced care' of older adults without capacity.

'Forced care' describes the provision of personal care to an individual who does not have the capacity to make a decision about that care and resists receiving that care. This study explored the views of clinical psychologists on supporting staff involved with forced care and considered the following question: Do clinical psychologists feel that they have a role in guiding decisions around forced care, and if so, what? Interview data were gathered from five clinical psychologists experienced in the field of Older Adult psychology in the UK. This study concludes that the environment in which psychologists work influences the psychologist's beliefs about whether psychologists should be involved with making recommendations about forced care, and how they should be involved.

The science and art of asking questions in cognitive therapy.

BACKGROUND: Questions underpin all aspects of therapeutic assessment and intervention and are a vital component of the clinical process. Over recent years frameworks have started to be applied to obtain a greater understanding of questioning formats and processes. METHOD: This paper examines the use of questions in cognitive therapy (CT). An overview of the main types of questions identified in the literature is presented. In addition, we examine a range of client and therapist characteristics that may impact on the questioning process. CONCLUSIONS: Asking questions in therapy is a complex, yet under-taught, skill. This paper provides a set of frameworks to assist in identifying helpful and unhelpful questioning skills. Thus the article has implications for further training and research.