Subject(s)
Community Health Centers , Mortuary Practice , Attitude to Death , Attitude to Health , HumansSubject(s)
Communication , Language , Nurse-Patient Relations , Aged , Female , Geriatric Nursing , Humans , Physician-Patient RelationsABSTRACT
The wrist is a complex joint that biomechanically transmits forces generated at the hand through to the forearm. The radial side of the wrist carries 80% of the axial load and the ulnar side the remaining 20% of the load. The incidence of wrist (and hand) injuries in the sporting population is approximately 25%. This tends to be higher in those sports using the hand and wrist, and when the potential for trauma is present. The injuries are divided into 4 categories: overuse, nerve (and vascular), traumatic, and weight-bearing injuries. Overuse injuries are common in sports involving the hand and wrist, such as racquet sports, netball, basketball and volleyball. Nerve injuries are more commonly compressive neuropathies, and are seen with cyclists who may compress the ulnar nerve in Guyon's canal. Vascular injuries are uncommon and usually result from a high velocity impact from balls. Traumatic injuries are the most common and are due to either a fall on to the wrist, a direct blow, or combination of a rotatory and torsional force. The weight-bearing injuries are more specific to gymnastics, and result from repetitive excessive compressive and rotational forces across the wrist. The pommel horse event is associated with a high incidence of wrist pain in male competitors. Arthroscopy of the wrist provides direct inspection of intra-articular structures and diagnosis of conditions that may be unclear with other investigations. As techniques advance, more conditions may be treated arthroscopically and potentially facilitate an earlier return to sport.
Subject(s)
Athletic Injuries , Wrist Injuries , Athletic Injuries/diagnosis , Athletic Injuries/therapy , Carpal Bones/injuries , Cumulative Trauma Disorders/diagnosis , Cumulative Trauma Disorders/therapy , Female , Fractures, Bone/diagnosis , Fractures, Bone/therapy , Gymnastics/injuries , Humans , Male , Nerve Compression Syndromes/diagnosis , Nerve Compression Syndromes/therapy , Wrist/blood supply , Wrist/innervation , Wrist Injuries/diagnosis , Wrist Injuries/therapyABSTRACT
A simple method for the detection of drugs of abuse and their metabolites in urine is described. By extraction of urine (20 mL) with a buffered ToxElut solid phase column all the commonly abused opioid drugs can be detected on a single thin-layer chromatography plate. Location of the spots is achieved by spraying the plate with iodoplatinate following acidification with dilute sulphuric acid. Sensitivity of the order of 1 mg/L is attained for most drugs.
Subject(s)
Illicit Drugs/urine , Narcotics/urine , Chromatography, Thin Layer/methods , HumansABSTRACT
A sensitive HPLC method that allows the simultaneous determination of imipramine, amitriptyline and their desmethyl metabolites, using a 10 cm straight silica cartridge column with a mobile phase consisting of 0.004% perchloric acid in methanol is presented. Detection of the eluent is at 210 nm. The drugs are back-extracted from serum, giving both a good recovery and sensitivity of at least 5 micrograms/L. This method has proved to be extremely robust and reliable, with coefficients of variation around 3% being reported.
Subject(s)
Antidepressive Agents, Tricyclic/blood , Antidepressive Agents, Tricyclic/metabolism , Biotransformation , Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid , Humans , Spectrophotometry, UltravioletABSTRACT
A voluntary reporting system has been established by the manufacturer of ibuprofen (Motrin) to detect, collect, and document medical events related to its use that were not or could not be obtained by controlled clinical trials, such as data on overdose and fetal exposure. Of over 100 million prescriptions for ibuprofen written in the United States in the last nine years, only 67 cases of overdose or accidental ingestion have been reported, 36 percent of which occurred in children less than three years old. There have been only three reports of fatalities, all in adults. Also during this nine-year period, 50 reports of exposure in utero have been received. However, no abnormalities have been seen in any patient followed up prospectively from exposure through delivery.
