Subject(s)
Diabetes Complications/veterinary , Diabetes Mellitus/veterinary , Elephants , Pancreas/pathology , Animals , Diabetes Mellitus/blood , Diabetes Mellitus/diagnosis , Euthanasia, Animal , Foot Diseases/complications , Foot Diseases/veterinary , Male , Polyuria/complications , Polyuria/veterinarySubject(s)
Animals, Zoo , Anti-Inflammatory Agents/immunology , Antibodies, Monoclonal/immunology , Antibody Specificity/immunology , Atelinae/immunology , Colitis, Ulcerative/veterinary , Monkey Diseases/immunology , Adalimumab , Animals , Anti-Inflammatory Agents/therapeutic use , Antibodies/immunology , Antibodies, Monoclonal/therapeutic use , Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized , Colitis, Ulcerative/drug therapy , Colitis, Ulcerative/immunology , Fatal Outcome , Female , Monkey Diseases/drug therapy , Treatment FailureABSTRACT
A Lesser Malayan mousedeer (Tragulus javanicus), persistently infected with noncytopathogenic bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) type 1f, was experimentally superinfected with a cytopathogenic isolate of BVDV type 1c, which antigenically partially matched the endogenous strain. Within the observational period of 125 days after superinfection, the animal did not demonstrate any clinical signs of the disease and/or significant changes in blood values. Neutralizing antibodies were detected at 35 and 42 days postinfection. The isolate causing the superinfection was found in feces, nasal swabs, and saliva starting from day 29 and at various times postchallenge. Macroscopic or histologic examination did not reveal mucosal disease-like lesions, despite the detection of the cytopathogenic isolate in the salivary gland, rumen, abomasum, kidney, and superficial prescapular lymph node. Results indicate that the cytopathogenic BVDV strain, which was used in the superinfection, persisted in the viremic animal without causing disease within the observation period.
Subject(s)
Deer/virology , Diarrhea Viruses, Bovine Viral/pathogenicity , Disease Reservoirs/veterinary , Superinfection/veterinary , Animals , Antibodies, Viral/blood , Antibodies, Viral/immunology , Cattle , Cytopathogenic Effect, Viral , Diarrhea Viruses, Bovine Viral/immunology , Male , Species Specificity , Superinfection/virologySubject(s)
Accidents, Occupational , Adrenergic alpha-Agonists/adverse effects , Horses/physiology , Hypnotics and Sedatives/adverse effects , Veterinary Medicine/methods , Adrenergic alpha-Agonists/administration & dosage , Animals , Female , Humans , Hypnotics and Sedatives/administration & dosage , Imidazoles/administration & dosage , Imidazoles/adverse effects , Injections/adverse effects , Injections/veterinary , Unconsciousness/etiologyABSTRACT
A pol-fragment of simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) that is highly related to SIVdrl-pol from drill monkeys (Mandrillus leucophaeus) was detected in two mandrills (Mandrillus sphinx) from Amsterdam Zoo. These captivity-born mandrills had never been in contact with drill monkeys, and were unlikely to be hybrids. Their mitochondrial haplotype suggested that they descended from founder animals in Cameroon or northern Gabon, close to the habitat of the drill. SIVdrl has once before been found in a wild-caught mandrill from the same region, indicating that mandrills are naturally infected with a SIVdrl-like virus. This suggests that mandrills are the first primate species to be infected with three strains of SIV: SIVmnd1, SIVmnd2, and SIVdrl.
