Cytological and microbiological investigations of professional hygiene efficiency in patients with generalized periodontitis.

OBJECTIVE: Aim: The purpose of this study is to assess the impact of occupational hygiene procedures for microbiological and cytological contents of periodontal pockets. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Material and Methods: Cytological and microbiological content of the periodontal pockets before treatment and after professional hygiene procedures including scaling with hand instruments and root cementum polishing have been investigated in patients with periodontitis. RESULTS: Results: According to obtained data it can be resumed that in periodontitis patients with the depth of pockets 3-5,5 mm before professional hygiene all the pockets contain great number of Cocci, Spirochetes, Candida Albicans, Flagellated rods and Protozoa species. It was proved by revealing of small amount of Polymorphonuclear leukocytes with active phagocytosis. After scaling and planing of the roots, a decrease in the number of Protozoa and Candida Albicans was observed in 97% and 72% of the investigated cells, respectively. CONCLUSION: Conclusions: Cytological and microbiological content of periodontal pockets before treatment and after professional hygiene procedures including scaling and root planning testify to the level of local protective mechanisms, especially process of phagocytosis and virulence of microbial species in periodontal pockets.

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE DYSTROPHIC MANIFESTATIONS IN THE PERIODONTIUM AND INTESTINAL DYSBACTERIOSIS.

OBJECTIVE: The aim: of our work was investigation of dystrophy in periodontal tissues and an attempt to establish the correlation between dystrophy in the periodontium and presence of intestinal disbacteriosis. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Materials and methods: Clinical-radiological examination was carried out in 146 patients with generalized periodontal pathology at the age from 26 to 59 years old. Among them in 92 persons generalized periodontitis was diagnosed and in 54 - periodontosis. The first stage of heaviness of the pathological process in the periodontium was revealed in 50 patients with generalized periodontitis and 28 persons with periodontosis. Other patients suffered from heavier forms of periodontal pathology (II and III stages), 42 persons with generalized periodontitis and 28 persons with periodontosis accordingly. Bacteriological analysis of feces for disbacteriosis was carried out in all patients. RESULTS: Results: Changes in the physiological contour of the gums (that is macro relief of marginal periodontium) were found in the majority of examined patients. Because of the development of pathological gingival contour and recession of the gums, 72,5% of examined patients suffered from root denudation and different pathological conditions of roots cement structure - pigmentation, demineralization, wedge-shaped defects, caries. According to our clinical investigations it was found out that in majority of patients (83%) both inflammatory and dystophic changes were present, only 17% of patients had purely atrophic process in the periodontium without inflammation. In patients with GP and periodontosis, in whom dystrophic changes were accompanied by inflammation, clinical appearance was more expressed with redness, bleeding and suppuration from the pockets, thus hiding dystrophic signs. CONCLUSION: Conclusions: According to clinical and radiological findings numerous dystrophic changes were found in all structures of the periodontium and teeth of patients with periodontosis and generalized periodontitis. Changes intensify in disease progressing into the II-III stages. In patients with periodontosis clinical- radio¬logical peculiarities of dystrophy were revealed in early stages of disease progression, while in generalized periodontitis dystrophic changes become apparent in late stages of disease. The presence of colon disbacteriosis was established in patients with periodontosis and generalized periodontitis. Disbacteriosis intensifies when diseases progress into II-III stages of heaviness. These data indicates to possible correlation between the development of dystrophic changes in periodontal tissues and the presence of intestinal disbacteriosis.

CHANGES IN THE ULTRASTRUCTURAL ELEMENTS OF PERIODONTAL NEUROTROPHY UNDER CONDITIONS OF ACUTE SIMPLE COAGULATION DYSTROPHY IN THE EXPERIMENT.

OBJECTIVE: Aim: To determine the role of damage to the ultrastructural elements of the periodontal nervous system in the pathogenesis of dystrophic periodontal disease. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Materials and Methods: The basis of the experimental part of the study was the preparation of ultrathin sections from blocks of gum tissue of white rats, which were prepared using the UMTP-3M device. The study and analysis of biopsy samples was carried out with the help of an electron microscope UEMV-100K. RESULTS: Results: With the help of transmission electron microscopy, it was found that from the first minutes after the injection of hemolysate of isogenic erythrocytes into the rats, aggregates of erythrocytes, clumps of blood plasma, clusters of fibrin monomer masses, bundles of fibrin fibers, platelet and homogeneous were present in the connective tissue of the gums, and in particular in the lumens of hemocapillaries microthrombi, which confirms damage to the ultrastructures of the periodontium, which lead to the development of a pathological process, which is described when simple coagulation dystrophy is reproduced. CONCLUSION: Conclusions: Coagulative damage to the ultrastructural elements of the periodontal nervous system is one of the important factors in the pathogenesis of dystrophic periodontal damage. Under these conditions, trophic disturbances occur, similar to those that occur when the integrity of the nerve is disturbed - neurotrophic mechanism of dystrophy.