ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND & PROBLEMS: Early detection tests are highly effective in helping adult women prevent the onset of cervical cancer. However, the cervical Pap smear screening rate in a health management center was only 54.3% in 2020. PURPOSE: This project was developed to improve the Pap smear screening rate for cervical cancer in a health management center. RESOLUTION: The strategies developed included revising the health examination lists, developing an online appointment booking system, designing a patient decision aid, creating a standardized simulation moulage for education, and rechecking patient's National Health Insurance cards. RESULTS: After implementation of these strategies, the Pap smear screening rate for cervical cancer rose from 54.3% to 81.2%. The screening rate at the health management center in 2022 reached 96.6%. CONCLUSIONS: Shared decision-making can elucidate the comprehensive options available to clients and support them in considering their options and achieving informed choices regarding Pap smear preferences.
Subject(s)
Papanicolaou Test , Uterine Cervical Neoplasms , Adult , Female , Humans , Vaginal Smears , Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/diagnosis , Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/prevention & control , Quality Improvement , Early Detection of Cancer , Health Knowledge, Attitudes, PracticeABSTRACT
OBJECT Despite recent advances, metastatic melanoma remains a terminal disease, in which life-threatening brain metastasis occurs in approximately half of patients. Sorafenib is a multikinase inhibitor that induces apoptosis of melanoma cells in vitro. However, systemic administration has been ineffective because adequate tissue concentrations cannot be achieved. This study investigated if convection-enhanced delivery (CED) of sorafenib would enhance tumor control and survival via inhibition of the signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (Stat3) pathway in a murine model of metastatic brain melanoma. METHODS Melanoma cells treated with sorafenib in vitro were examined for signaling and survival changes. The effect of sorafenib given by CED was assessed by bioluminescent imaging and animal survival. RESULTS The results showed that sorafenib induced cell death in the 4 established melanoma cell lines and in 1 primary cultured melanoma cell line. Sorafenib inhibited Stat3 phosphorylation in HTB65, WYC1, and B16 cells. Accordingly, sorafenib treatment also decreased expression of Mcl-1 mRNA in melanoma cell lines. Because sorafenib targets multiple pathways, the present study demonstrated the contribution of the Stat3 pathway by showing that mouse embryonic fibroblast (MEF) Stat3 +/+ cells were significantly more sensitive to sorafenib than MEF Stat3 -/- cells. In the murine model of melanoma brain metastasis used in this study, CED of sorafenib increased survival by 150% in the treatment group compared with animals receiving the vehicle control (p < 0.01). CED of sorafenib also significantly abrogated tumor growth. CONCLUSIONS The data from this study indicate that local delivery of sorafenib effectively controls brain melanoma. These findings validate further investigation of the use of CED to distribute molecularly targeted agents.
Subject(s)
Antineoplastic Agents/administration & dosage , Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology , Brain Neoplasms/drug therapy , Brain Neoplasms/secondary , Convection , Melanoma, Experimental/drug therapy , Melanoma, Experimental/secondary , Niacinamide/analogs & derivatives , Phenylurea Compounds/administration & dosage , Phenylurea Compounds/pharmacology , STAT3 Transcription Factor/genetics , Transcriptional Activation/drug effects , Animals , Brain Neoplasms/pathology , Cell Line, Tumor , Heterografts , Humans , Melanoma, Experimental/pathology , Mice , Mice, Inbred C57BL , Neoplasm Transplantation , Niacinamide/administration & dosage , Niacinamide/pharmacology , SorafenibABSTRACT
Common management approaches for spinal infections include conservative administration of antibiotics and aggressive surgical debridement. Minimally invasive endoscopic treatment has been reported and is gaining widespread attention because of its simplicity and effectiveness. This study retrospectively evaluated the clinical outcomes of bilateral portal percutaneous endoscopic debridement and lavage with dilute povidone-iodine solution in the treatment of patients with lumbar pyogenic spondylitis. From January 2007 to December 2011, a total of 22 patients diagnosed with single-level lumbar pyogenic spondylitis underwent bilateral portal percutaneous endoscopic debridement and lavage with dilute povidone-iodine solution at the authors' institution. Clinical outcomes were assessed by careful physical examination, visual analog scale pain score, modified MacNab criteria functional score, regular serologic testing, and imaging studies to determine whether percutaneous endoscopic debridement and lavage treatment was successful or if surgical intervention was required. Causative bacteria were identified in 19 (86.4%) of 22 biopsy specimens. Eighteen patients had satisfactory relief of back pain and uneventful recovery after this treatment. The success rate was 81.8% (18 of 22). Both visual analog scale and modified MacNab criteria scores improved significantly in successfully treated patients. No major surgical complications were noted, except for 3 patients who had residual or subsequent paresthesia in the affected lumbar segment. Percutaneous endoscopic debridement and lavage is a minimally invasive procedure that can yield a higher bacterial diagnosis, relieve back pain, and help to eradicate lumbar pyogenic spondylitis. It is an effective alternative treatment for patients with spinal infection before extensive open surgery.
