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1.
Opt Lett ; 43(12): 2961-2964, 2018 Jun 15.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29905734

ABSTRACT

Single-shot, two-color, volumetric laser-induced fluorescence was demonstrated for three-dimensional (3D), tomographic imaging of the structural properties of the OH radical and temperature field in a turbulent hydrogen-air flame. Two narrowband laser sources were tuned to the Q1(5) and Q1(14) transitions of the (1,0) band in the A2Σ←X2Π system and illuminated a volumetric region of the flame. Images from eight unique perspectives collected simultaneously from each of the two transitions were used to reconstruct overlapping OH fields with different Boltzmann fractions and map the 3D temperature distribution with nanosecond precision. Key strategies for minimizing sources of error, such as detector sensitivity and spatial overlap of the two fields, are discussed.

2.
Osteoarthritis Cartilage ; 25(7): 1026-1031, 2017 07.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28300652

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: Osteoarthritis (OA) is related to carotid atherosclerosis. Few studies have investigated the incidence of cerebrovascular diseases in patients with OA. Therefore, we conducted a population-based cohort study to determine the incidence and risk of stroke in patients with OA. METHODS: We used data from Taiwan's Longitudinal Health Insurance Database 2000 (LHID2000) to investigate the incidence of stroke in 43,635 patients with OA newly diagnosed between 2002 and 2003. The non-osteoarthritis (non-OA) cohort comprised 43,635 people from the general population. The follow-up period was from the index date of OA to the date of censoring date or stroke diagnosis, or to the end of 2010. RESULTS: The overall incidence of stroke was 36% higher in the OA cohort than in the non-OA cohort, with an adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) of 1.10 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.06-1.14) after adjustment for covariates. Men, age, comorbidity, non-selective nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), and Cox-2 selective NSAIDs are independent risk factors of stroke. The OA adults with mild to moderate OA (aHR = 1.97, 95% CI = 1.70-2.28 for young adults; aHR = 1.33, 95% CI = 1.25-1.42 for middle-aged adults; aHR = 1.16, 95% CI = 1.12-1.21 for older adults) and severe OA (aHR = 3.78, 95% CI = 2.50-5.70 for young adults; aHR = 1.34, 95% CI = 1.16-1.56 for middle-aged adults; and aHR = 1.01, 95% CI = 0.92-1.10 for older adults) exhibited increased risks of stroke compared with their counterparts without OA. CONCLUSION: OA may be associated with a slightly increased risk of stroke.


Subject(s)
Osteoarthritis/complications , Stroke/etiology , Adult , Age Distribution , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Osteoarthritis/epidemiology , Risk Factors , Stroke/epidemiology , Taiwan/epidemiology , Young Adult
3.
Transplant Proc ; 46(4): 1077-81, 2014 May.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24815133

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Optimal myocardial protection for donated hearts is crucial to improve outcomes of heart transplantation and reduce morbidity and mortality. This study aimed to compare the efficacy of myocardial protection using single dose of Bretschneider's histidine-tryptophan-ketoglutarate (HTK) solution and repeated doses of cold blood cardioplegia (CBC) in donor heart preservation. METHODS: Sixty-seven patients undergoing heart transplantation in Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan between 2002 and 2012 were enrolled in this study. Patients were divided into an HTK group and a CBC group based on the preservation solution used to protect the donated hearts. The perioperative variables and postoperative outcomes were retrospectively reviewed. RESULTS: There were no statistic differences about demographic data in donors and recipients between the 2 groups. There were no significant differences in postoperative cardiac enzymes, hemodynamic data, length of stay in intensive care, or 30-day mortality between the groups. The HTK group showed a trend of shorter pumping time (P = .091). Multivariate analyses reveal that the HTK group had higher postoperative inotropic score (P < .001) and shorter pumping time (P = .02). CONCLUSIONS: Single dose of Bretschneider's HTK solution could effectively reduce pumping time and afford similar myocardial protection compared with repeated doses of CBC in the preservation of donated hearts.


Subject(s)
Cardioplegic Solutions/therapeutic use , Cold Temperature , Heart Arrest, Induced/methods , Heart Failure/surgery , Heart Transplantation , Myocardial Reperfusion Injury/prevention & control , Organ Preservation Solutions/therapeutic use , Organ Preservation/methods , Tissue and Organ Harvesting , Adult , Chi-Square Distribution , Female , Glucose/therapeutic use , Heart Arrest, Induced/adverse effects , Heart Failure/diagnosis , Heart Failure/mortality , Heart Failure/physiopathology , Heart Transplantation/adverse effects , Heart Transplantation/mortality , Hemodynamics/drug effects , Hospitals, General , Humans , Intensive Care Units , Length of Stay , Male , Mannitol/therapeutic use , Middle Aged , Multivariate Analysis , Myocardial Contraction/drug effects , Myocardial Reperfusion Injury/diagnosis , Myocardial Reperfusion Injury/etiology , Myocardial Reperfusion Injury/physiopathology , Organ Preservation/adverse effects , Potassium Chloride/therapeutic use , Procaine/therapeutic use , Retrospective Studies , Risk Factors , Stroke Volume/drug effects , Taiwan , Time Factors , Tissue and Organ Harvesting/adverse effects , Treatment Outcome , Ventricular Function, Left/drug effects
4.
Transplant Proc ; 46(3): 934-6, 2014 Apr.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24767384

ABSTRACT

Heart transplantation (HT) is the standard therapy used to treat end-stage heart disease. Taiwan Organ Registry and Sharing Center (TORSC) is a registry and database of organ donations and transplantations. To understand the profiles of heart donors and recipients is crucial for efficient utilization. Data was provided by the TORSC and 487 HT were performed from 2005 to 2010. The main causes of donor brain death were head injury (n = 243; 51.1%) and cerebrovascular accidents/strokes (n = 147; 30.9%). The mean age of the recipients was 46.3 ± 14.6 years, and 80.3% were men (n = 391). Physicians and nurses were responsible for most organ procurement. In multivariate analysis, considering donor and recipient gender, donor and recipient age, and donor-to-recipient weight ratio as independent variables, factors that were significantly predictive of graft survival were donor age (hazard rate [HR], 1.02; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.00-1.03; P = .01) and recipient age (HR, 1.03; 95% CI, 1.01-1.04; P < .01). Our results showed that age is a determinant of allograft survival and healthcare professionals are the primary impetus for obtaining consent for organ donation.


Subject(s)
Heart Transplantation , Adult , Female , Graft Survival , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Taiwan
5.
Epidemiol Infect ; 140(6): 1131-40, 2012 Jun.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21906410

ABSTRACT

The introduction and the widespread use of the varicella vaccine in Taiwan has led to a 75-80% decrease in the incidence of varicella in children. However the vaccine's long-term impact on the incidence of herpes zoster (HZ) has attracted attention. By controlling gender, underlying diseases, and age effects, a Poisson regression was applied on the 2000-2008 chart records of 240 000 randomly selected residents who enrolled in the Universal National Health Insurance. The results show that, as the vaccine coverage in children increases, the incidence of varicella decreases. However, the incidence of HZ increased even before the implementation of the free varicella vaccination programme in 2004, particularly in females. The increase in the incidence of HZ cannot be entirely and directly attributed to the widespread vaccination of children. Continuous monitoring is needed to understand the secular trends in HZ before and after varicella vaccination in Taiwan and in other countries.


Subject(s)
Chickenpox Vaccine/immunology , Chickenpox/epidemiology , Chickenpox/prevention & control , Herpes Zoster/epidemiology , Herpes Zoster/prevention & control , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Aging , Chickenpox Vaccine/administration & dosage , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Incidence , Infant , Male , Middle Aged , Taiwan/epidemiology , Young Adult
9.
Exp Mol Pathol ; 45(1): 84-92, 1986 Aug.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-3530802

ABSTRACT

Proteolytic activity for [3H]elastin, pyro-Glu-Pro-Val-pNA(S-2484), and Suc-(Ala)3-pNA(AAApNA) was demonstrated in the bound fraction extracted with 2 M KSCN + 0.1% Triton X-100 from hypersensitivity-type murine lepromas in C57BL/6N mice, while elastase-inhibitor activity was separately observed in the soluble fraction extracted with a Tris-saline buffer. Sephacryl S-200 gel chromatography showed a peak of elastolytic activity with approximately 20,000 in molecular weight. The following DEAE-Sepharose chromatography demonstrated three fractions of elastolytic activity (E-I, II, III). The inhibitory profile showed that E-I is a thiol proteinase, while E-II and E-III belong to serine proteinase-type elastases. Both E-II and E-III showed different properties with neutrophil elastase or elastase secreted from cultured macrophages, but identical characteristics to membrane bound-type elastase of monocytes. A lower level of elastolytic activity was detected in the bound fraction of nonhypersensitivity-type murine lepromas in CBA/N mice, suggesting a more involvement of membrane bound-type elastase from monocytes/macrophages during the tissue remodelings of hypersensitivity-type granulomas.


Subject(s)
Granuloma/enzymology , Mycobacterium Infections/enzymology , Pancreatic Elastase/metabolism , Protease Inhibitors/analysis , Animals , Chromatography, Gel , Chromatography, Ion Exchange , Inflammation/enzymology , Isoenzymes/analysis , Mice , Mice, Inbred C57BL , Molecular Weight , Mycobacterium lepraemurium , Protease Inhibitors/pharmacology
10.
J Cell Biochem ; 32(1): 79-89, 1986.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-2429974

ABSTRACT

Elastases have been reported to be involved in various types of tissue injury. In this study we detected hydrolytic activities for [3H]-elastin and Suc-Ala-Ala-Ala-pNA (SLAPN) in hepatic granulomas which became elevated in parallel with enlargement of the granulomas and disappearance of aldehyde-fuchsin-stained filaments in the lesions of mice infected with Schistosoma mansoni. The elastase was partially purified by gel filtration followed by anion-exchange chromatography. This enzyme has a molecular weight of 20-25k and hydrolyzed denatured collagen (azocoll), Glu-Pro-Val-pNA, SLAPN, and [3H]-elastin. Optimal pH was 7-8.5. It is a serine proteinase and distinct in its inhibitor profile from murine peritoneal macrophage elastase, which has been reported by others. Digestion of elastic fibers in vessel walls and fine fibrils in newly developed granulomas by the granuloma elastase was histochemically identified with aldehyde-fuchsin stain. These results indicate that a serine proteinase functions as a major elastase in granulomatous tissue remodeling and may account for the disappearance of elastic fibers and other elements of the matrix in fully developed granulomas.


Subject(s)
Granuloma/enzymology , Liver Diseases/enzymology , Pancreatic Elastase/physiology , Aldehydes , Animals , Granuloma/etiology , Granuloma/pathology , Histocytochemistry , Liver Diseases/etiology , Liver Diseases/pathology , Male , Mice , Pancreatic Elastase/antagonists & inhibitors , Pancreatic Elastase/isolation & purification , Rosaniline Dyes , Schistosomiasis mansoni , Staining and Labeling
11.
Thromb Haemost ; 52(3): 243-9, 1984 Dec 29.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-6397870

ABSTRACT

Plasminogen activator that is associated with the development of hypersensitivity granulomas (gPA) was partially purified from a saline soluble fraction of murine lepromas elicited in "resistant" mice, C57BL/6N. The gPA was shown to consist of two subspecies (23,000 and 48,000 in molecular weight) with essentially identical enzymologic properties. The gPA was found to be a relatively heat stable weakly alkaline serine proteinase with trypsin-like characteristics in the specificity for synthetic substrates and proteinase inhibitors. It showed a high affinity for H-D-Ile-Pro-Arg-pNA (Km = 1.4 X 10(-4) M) H-D-Val-Leu-Lys-pNA (Km = 5.2 X 10(-4) M), and L-pyroGlu-Gly-Arg-pNA (Km = 9.3 X 10(-4) M). The gPA did not demonstrate antigenic cross reaction with urokinase-type or tissue-type plasminogen activator. Two distinct enzymatic regulators of the gPA were also demonstrated in the saline soluble fraction of the hypersensitivity granulomas. The gPA and its regulation are assumed to be correlated with macrophage activation in the hypersensitivity granulomas.


Subject(s)
Mycobacterium Infections/metabolism , Plasminogen Activators/metabolism , Animals , Glycoproteins/isolation & purification , Glycoproteins/metabolism , Male , Mice , Mice, Inbred C57BL , Molecular Weight , Mycobacterium lepraemurium , Plasminogen Activators/isolation & purification , Plasminogen Inactivators , Substrate Specificity
12.
s.l; s.n; 1984. 6 p.
Non-conventional in English | Sec. Est. Saúde SP, HANSEN, Hanseníase Leprosy, SESSP-ILSLACERVO, Sec. Est. Saúde SP | ID: biblio-1233174

Subject(s)
Leprosy
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