ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: Ischemia plays an important role in glaucomatous optic neuropathy and retinal vascular occlusive disorders, which renders investigation vital. METHODS: Retinal ischemia was induced by raising intraocular pressure to 120 mmHg. Its mechanism and management was evaluated by measuring (*)OH levels, electroretinogram (ERG) b-wave amplitudes, immunohisto-chemistry, and reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS: Ischemia for 45, 60, and 75 min caused significant and time-dependent increased (*)OH levels, which might contribute to retinal ischemic injures. Specifically, 60 min of ischemia plus reperfusion, causing moderate oxidative stress, resulted in retinal changes that were characterized by decreased ERG b-wave amplitudes, loss of choline acetyltransferase immunolabeled amacrine cell bodies/neuronal processes, downregulated Thy-1 m-RNA levels (indexing retinal ganglion cells; RGCs), and reduced thickness of the Thy-1 immunolabeled RGC and inner plexiform layers. Of clinical importance, this is the first study to show that ischemic detrimental effects are significantly blunted when 0.5 nmol of ferulic acid, one active ingredient of Ligusticum walliichi (Chuanxiong), was applied 24 h before retinal ischemia. Further, but not to a significant level, 0.5 nmole of tetramethylpyrazine, another Chuanxiong-active component, showed such an ameliorating trend. Moreover, the 60-min ischemia-induced significant increase in (*)OH production was significantly attenuated by FA. CONCLUSIONS: FA is able to protect against retinal ischemia and possibly glaucoma by, at least in part, acting as a (*)OH scavenger.
Subject(s)
Coumaric Acids/pharmacology , Ischemia/drug therapy , Neuroprotective Agents/pharmacology , Pyrazines/pharmacology , Reperfusion Injury/prevention & control , Retina/drug effects , Animals , Coumaric Acids/therapeutic use , Electroretinography , Free Radical Scavengers/pharmacology , Free Radical Scavengers/therapeutic use , Hydroxyl Radical/metabolism , Immunohistochemistry , Ischemia/metabolism , Ischemia/pathology , Neuroprotective Agents/therapeutic use , Pyrazines/therapeutic use , Rats , Rats, Wistar , Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism , Reperfusion Injury/metabolism , Reperfusion Injury/pathology , Retina/metabolism , Retinal Ganglion Cells/drug effects , Retinal Ganglion Cells/metabolism , Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain ReactionABSTRACT
Four males with sidersosis oculi were reviewed. Vitreous/anterior chamber angle irons (cases 1 and 3) were misdiagnosed initially and discovered later. In case 2, the retina-incarcerated iron was long ignored. Exceptionally in case 4, the iron was encapsulated by using optical coherence tomography (OCT). Preoperatively, in cases 1 and 4, the injured eye's vision, electro-oculogram, and electroretinogram were reduced compared with the other eye. In three cases, field defects were relevant to their iron locations. Postremoval, iron-impaired retinal functions didn't obviously improve. Early iron removal seems vital. OCT identified iron encapsulation, ameliorating iron toxicity. Consistently, field defect in case 4 was nonprogressive.
