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1.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int ; 28(48): 69210-69220, 2021 Dec.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34296414

ABSTRACT

PM2.5 and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) emitted from various sources may cause respiratory disease and lung cancer. Additionally, PAHs deposited on PM2.5 would aggravate the hazard to human health once inhaled. Therefore, it is essential to investigate the PAHs adsorbed on PM2.5 in ambient air. However, analysis of PAHs on PM2.5 is limited so far due to high detection limit of the analytical method and complex pretreatment procedures of the sample. In this study, thermal desorption (TD) is combined with GC-HRMS for direct analysis of PAHs on PM2.5 collected by the filter without pretreatment. The results indicate that distribution of PAHs on the filter is uniform and each filter section is representative for direct analysis of PAHs on PM2.5. The optimal thermal desorption temperature and purge time of analysis are found at 320°C and 60 s, respectively. Furthermore, the PAHs on PM2.5 of ambient air in Taiwan including traffic area, industrial area, suburban area, and background site are investigated. The results indicate that the concentrations of PAHs on PM2.5 in ambient air of Northern, Central, and Eastern Taiwan are in the range of 0.13-6.63 ng/m3, with an average concentration of 2.23 ng/m3. The PAH concentration measured in winter is significantly higher than that in summer, and the concentration of PAHs on PM2.5 ranges from 0.071 to 0.280 ng/µg while the average concentration is 0.133 ng/µg. The technology optimized in this study can be applied for rapid and accurate measurement of PAHs present on fine particles.


Subject(s)
Air Pollutants , Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons , Air Pollutants/analysis , China , Environmental Monitoring , Humans , Particulate Matter/analysis , Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons/analysis , Seasons
2.
Chemosphere ; 173: 603-611, 2017 Apr.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28152411

ABSTRACT

Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs), dibenzofurans (PCDFs) and coplanar polychlorinated biphenyls (dioxin-like PCBs) have received much public concern worldwide due to their persistence and toxicity. The presence of these compounds in environmental matrices, especially in water bodies, enhances the risk of human exposure to these toxic pollutants. In this study, seventeen 2,3,7,8 chlorinated PCDD/Fs and twelve dl-PCBs were measured in 11 groundwater samples collected throughout Taiwan and 2 surface water samples collected in northern Taiwan. PCDD/F and PCB concentrations in two surface water samples are relatively low, with the average concentrations of 0.038 and 0.001 pg WHO-TEQ/L (7.474 and 1.862 pg L-1), respectively. As for groundwater samples, PCDD/F concentrations measured range from 0.005 to 3.963 pg WHO-TEQ/L, while dl-PCB concentrations range from 2.5 × 10-5 to 0.189 pg WHO-TEQ/L. Total WHO-TEQ concentrations range from 0.005 to 3.963 pg WHO-TEQ/L, reflecting serious contamination of PCDD/Fs and PCBs in groundwater at some sampling sites. In term of total PCDD/Fs, PCDDs constitute a significant fraction (77.3%), and OCDD is most abundant, followed by HpCDD/Fs and HxCDD/Fs. PCB 118 is dominant among 12 dl-PCBs measured, followed by PCB 105 and PCB 77. Solid-phase PCDD/Fs generally predominate in water samples and PCDFs are of slightly lower distribution in solid phase in comparison with PCDDs, while PCBs are mainly distributed in dissolved phase. Results of principal component analysis (PCA) indicate that use of PCP and Na-PCP, thermal processes and PCBs-containing products might be the major sources of PCDD/Fs and PCBs in water samples measured.


Subject(s)
Benzofurans/analysis , Dibenzofurans, Polychlorinated/analysis , Polychlorinated Biphenyls/analysis , Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins/analysis , Water Pollutants, Chemical/analysis , Humans , Taiwan
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