Parenting beliefs and practices as precursors to academic outcomes in Chinese children.

Due to the rapid sociocultural changes in China, Chinese parents' childrearing beliefs and practices have undergone dramatic transformations. Against this context, this study examined whether Chinese parents' endorsement of progressive and traditional childrearing beliefs would predict children's academic achievement, as well as whether parenting practices would mediate this association. This study utilized a longitudinal design and followed 206 Chinese families for 2 years from the end of preschool to Grade 2. Parents showed greater endorsement of progressive than traditional childrearing beliefs, as well as higher use of authoritative than authoritarian parenting practices. Parents' childrearing beliefs in preschool predicted children's math achievement in Grade 2 via authoritative parenting. However, parenting beliefs were unrelated to authoritarian parenting, and authoritarian parenting did not predict any of the child academic outcomes in Grade 2. The findings suggest Chinese parents' orientations toward progressive parenting beliefs and authoritative parenting practices. They also highlight the utility of parenting beliefs in explaining disparities in early academic achievement. The nonsignificant findings pertinent to authoritarian parenting call for re-examination of the cultural meaning and effects of authoritarian parenting in Chinese society.

Fever clinic construction and management targeted to prevention and control of healthcare-associated respiratory viral infections in Jiangsu, China: A cross-sectional observational study.

To analyze the post-COVID-19 construction and management of fever clinics targeted to prevention and control of healthcare-associated respiratory viral infections in medical institutions at all levels in China, and to provide a basis for promoting their standardized construction, we conducted this survey on the construction of fever clinics in 429 medical institutions of Jiangsu Province from July to December 2020. Contents of the questionnaire included the general situation of medical institutions, the construction status and future construction plans of fever clinics. We find the construction rate of fever clinic in medical institutions of Jiangsu province was 75.3%. All construction indicators, quality management systems and processes fail to fully meet the requirements of documents and standards. Jiangsu province actively promotes the construction of fever clinic layout, but there is still a gap with the construction standard. As a result, it is necessary to further promote standardized construction of fever clinic, and necessary financial input should be increased to expand all constructions of fever clinic in primary medical institutions.

The targeting of DAPK1 with miR-190a-3p promotes autophagy in trophoblast cells.

Pre-eclampsia (PE) is a dangerous pathological status that occurs during pregnancy and is a leading reason for both maternal and fetal death. Autophagy is necessary for cellular survival in the face of environmental stress as well as cellular homeostasis and energy management. Aberrant microRNA (miRNA) expression is crucial in the pathophysiology of PE. Although studies have shown that miRNA (miR)-190a-3p function is tissue-specific, the precise involvement of miR-190a-3p in PE has yet to be determined. We discovered that miR-190a-3p was significantly lower and death-associated protein kinase 1 (DAPK1) was significantly higher in PE placental tissues compared to normal tissues, which is consistent with the results in cells. The luciferase analyses demonstrated the target-regulatory relationship between miR-190a-3p and DAPK1. The inhibitory effect of miR-190a-3p on autophagy was reversed by co-transfection of si-DAPK1 and miR-190a-3p inhibitors. Thus, our data indicate that the hypoxia-dependent miR-190a-3p/DAPK1 regulatory pathway is implicated in the development and progression of PE by promoting autophagy in trophoblast cells.

The role of microbial metabolites in diabetic kidney disease.

Background: Growing evidence suggests a complex bidirectional interaction between gut microbes, gut-derived microbial metabolites, and diabetic kidney disease (DKD), known as the "gut-kidney axis" theory. The present study aimed to characterize the role of microbial metabolites in DKD. Methods: Six-week-old db/db and littermate db/m mice were raised to 20 weeks old. The serum, urine, feces, liver, perinephric fat, and kidney were analyzed using liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS)-based metabolomic analyses. Results: The db/db mice showed obvious pathological changes and worse renal functions than db/m mice. Indoleacetaldehyde (IAld) and 5-hydroxy-l-tryptophan (5-HTP) in kidney samples, and serotonin (5-HT) in fecal samples were increased in the db/db group. Phosphatidylcholine (PC), phosphatidate (PA), and 1-acylglycerophosphocholine (lysoPC) were decreased in liver and serum samples of the db/db group, while PC and lysoPC were decreased in kidney and perinephric fat samples. Suggested metabolomic homeostasis was disrupted in DKD mice, especially glycerophospholipid and tryptophan metabolism, which are closely related to the gut microbiome. Conclusions: Our findings reveal the perturbation of gut microbial metabolism in db/db mice with DKD, which may be useful for building a bridge between the gut microbiota and the progression of DKD and provide a theoretical basis for the intestinal treatment of DKD.

Safety and immunogenicity of a modified COVID-19 mRNA vaccine, SW-BIC-213, as a heterologous booster in healthy adults: an open-labeled, two-centered and multi-arm randomised, phase 1 trial.

BACKGROUND: We assessed the safety and immunogenicity of a core-shell structured lipopolyplex (LPP) based COVID-19 mRNA vaccine, SW-BIC-213, as a heterologous booster in healthy adults. METHODS: We conducted an open-labeled, two-centered, and three-arm randomised phase 1 trial. Healthy adults, who had completed a two-dose of inactivated COVID-19 vaccine for more than six months, were enrolled and randomized to receive a booster dose of COVILO (inactivated vaccine) (n = 20) or SW-BIC-213-25µg (n = 20), or SW-BIC-213-45µg (n = 20). The primary study endpoint was adverse events within 30 days post-boosting. The secondary endpoint was the titers of binding antibodies and neutralizing antibodies against the wild-type (WT) of SARS-CoV-2 as well as variants of concern in serum. The exploratory endpoint was the cellular immune responses. This trial was registered with http://www.chictr.org.cn (ChiCTR2200060355). FINDINGS: Between Jun 6 and Jun 22, 2022, 60 participants were enrolled and randomized to receive a booster dose of SW-BIC-213 (25 µg, n = 20, or 45 µg, n = 20) or COVILO (n = 20). The baseline demographic characteristics of the participants at enrollment were similar among the treatment groups. For the primary outcome, injection site pain and fever were more common in the SW-BIC-213 groups (25 µg and 45 µg). Grade 3 fever was reported in 25% (5/20) of participants in the SW-BIC-213-45µg group but was resolved within 48 h after onset. No fatal events or adverse events leading to study discontinuation were observed. For secondary and exploratory outcomes, SW-BIC-213 elicited higher and longer humoral and cellular immune responses than that in the COVILO group. INTERPRETATION: SW-BIC-213, a core-shell structured lipopolyplex (LPP) based mRNA vaccine, was safe, tolerable, and immunogenic as a heterologous booster in healthy Chinese adults. FUNDING: Shanghai Municipal Government, the Science and Technology and Economic Commission of Shanghai Pudong New Area, and mRNA Innovation and Translation Center of Shanghai.

A two-stage genome-wide association study identifies novel germline genetic variations in CACNA2D3 associated with radiotherapy response in nasopharyngeal carcinoma.

BACKGROUND: Radiotherapy (RT) is the standard treatment for nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). However, due to individual differences in radiosensitivity, biomarkers are needed to tailored radiotherapy to cancer patients. However, comprehensive genome-wide radiogenomic studies on them are still lacking. The aim of this study was to identify genetic variants associated with radiotherapy response in patients with NPC. METHODS: This was a large­scale genome-wide association analysis (GWAS) including a total of 981 patients. 319 individuals in the discovery stage were genotyped for 688,783 SNPs using whole genome-wide screening microarray. Significant loci were further genotyped using MassARRAY system and TaqMan SNP assays in the validation stages of 847 patients. This study used logistic regression analysis and multiple bioinformatics tools such as PLINK, LocusZoom, LDBlockShow, GTEx, Pancan-meQTL and FUMA to examine genetic variants associated with radiotherapy efficacy in NPC. RESULTS: After genome-wide level analysis, 19 SNPs entered the validation stage (P < 1 × 10- 6), and rs11130424 ultimately showed statistical significance among these SNPs. The efficacy was better in minor allele carriers of rs11130424 than in major allele carriers. Further stratified analysis showed that the association existed in patients in the EBV-positive, smoking, and late-stage (III and IV) subgroups and in patients who underwent both concurrent chemoradiotherapy and induction/adjuvant chemotherapy. CONCLUSION: Our study showed that rs11130424 in the CACNA2D3 gene was associated with sensitivity to radiotherapy in NPC patients. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: Effect of genetic polymorphism on nasopharyngeal carcinoma chemoradiotherapy reaction, ChiCTR-OPC-14005257, Registered 18 September 2014, http://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.aspx?proj=9546 .

Three new triterpenoid glycosides from Aronia melanocarpa (Michx.) Elliott.

Three new triterpenoid glycosides, 2α,3α,23,24-tetrahydroxyurs-12,19- dien-oic acid 28-O-ß- D -glucopyranoside (1), 2α,3ß,23,24-tetrahydroxyurs-12, 19(29) -dien-28-oic acid 28-O-ß- D -glucopyranoside (2), and 2α,3ß,23,24-tetrahydroxyurs-12, 18-dien-28-oic acid 28-O-ß- D -glucopyranoside (3) were isolated from Aronia melanocarpa (Michx.) Elliott. Their structures were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic methods. All the isolated compounds displayed moderate inhibitory activity against nitric oxide production in macrophages.

Influence of parental play on Taiwanese 3-year-olds' executive function: Through the path of motor skills.

Parenting is known to impact children's executive function (EF) skills. However, nearly all the evidence comes from analyses of mother-child interaction. Using the National Longitudinal Study of Child Development and Care Database in Taiwan, the relations between both mother-child and father-child interaction and 3-year-olds' EF were investigated in 2,164 families. The results showed that mothers interacted with their children differently from fathers in terms of time distribution. Mothers were more equally involved in all aspects of parental involvement, whereas fathers spent more time in play. In addition, both mother-child and father-child play contributed to children's EF; however, the mediating effect of child motor skills was more prominent for father-child play. This study not only suggests a potential distinct and complementary role of fathers in young children's EF development but also indicates a unique mediating effect of motor skills in the path from parent-child play to child EF. Implications for parent education are discussed. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).

Diagnostic accuracy of metagenomic next-generation sequencing for cryptococcosis in immunocompetent and immunocompromised patients.

Objective: To compare the diagnostic accuracy of metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) for cryptococcosis in patients with different immune statuses with that of conventional detection. Methods: A total of 1442 specimens including 71 specimens from patients with cryptococcosis were analyzed in the study. The chi square test was used to screen the sensitivity and specificity of different detection methods for different specimen types. One-way ANOVA was used to compare the mNGS results with age, CD4, lymphocytes, IFN, IL-6, IL-2 and serum antigen assay. Results: The sensitivity of mNGS was 44.29% in Cryptococcus infection cases. The positive rate of mNGS results for bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF, 87.50%) from immunocompromised patients was higher than that of BALF from immunocompetent patients (40.00%, p=0.04). The sensitivity of the serum Cryptococcus capsular antigen assay was 80.00% in immunocompetent patients and 96.42% in immunocompromised patients (p = 0.049). A positive rate of detection of Cryptococcus from mNGS was higher when cryptococcal antigen ≥1:160 (p=0.022) in immunocompromised patients. A positive rate of detection of Cryptococcus from mNGS was higher when lymphocyte counts were lower in both immunocompetent patients(p=0.017) and in immunocompromised patients(p=0.029). Conclusions: The sensitivity of mNGS is lower than that of serum cryptococcal antigen assay and histopathology in immunocompetent patients. However, BALF detection is recommend for immunocompromised patients compared with tissue and CSF. The positive mNGS result was correlated with lower lymphocyte counts, higher IL-2 and higher serum antigen assay in immunocompromised patients.

A two-stage genome-wide association study to identify novel genetic loci associated with acute radiotherapy toxicity in nasopharyngeal carcinoma.

BACKGROUND: Genetic variants associated with acute side effects of radiotherapy in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) remain largely unknown. METHODS: We performed a two-stage genome-wide association analysis including a total of 1084 patients, where 319 individuals in the discovery stage were genotyped for 688,783 SNPs using whole genome-wide screening microarray. Significant variants were then validated in an independent cohort of 765 patients using the MassARRAY system. Gene mapping, linkage disequilibrium, genome-wide association analysis, and polygenic risk score were conducted or calculated using FUMA, LDBlockShow, PLINK, and PRSice software programs, respectively. RESULTS: Five SNPs (rs6711678, rs4848597, rs4848598, rs2091255, and rs584547) showed statistical significance after validation. Radiotherapy toxicity was more serious in mutant minor allele carriers of all five SNPs. Stratified analysis further indicated that rs6711678, rs4848597, rs4848598, and rs2091255 correlated with skin toxicity in patients of EBV positive, late stage (III and IV), receiving both concurrent chemoradiotherapy and induction/adjuvant chemotherapy, and with OR values ranging from 1.92 to 2.66. For rs584547, high occurrence of dysphagia was found in A allele carriers in both the discovery (P = 1.27 × 10- 6, OR = 1.55) and validation (P = 0.002, OR = 4.20) cohorts. Furthermore, prediction models integrating both genetic and clinical factors for skin reaction and dysphagia were established. The area under curve (AUC) value of receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were 0.657 (skin reaction) and 0.788 (dysphagia). CONCLUSIONS: Rs6711678, rs4848597, rs4848598, and rs2091255 on chromosome 2q14.2 and rs584547 were found to be novel risk loci for skin toxicity and dysphagia in NPC patients receiving radiotherapy. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Chinese Clinical Trial Register (registration number: ChiCTR-OPC-14005257 and CTXY-140007-2).

Pomegranate-Inspired Graphene Parcel Enables High-Performance Dendrite-Free Lithium Metal Anodes.

Uncontrolled lithium dendrites seriously hinder the commercialization of lithium metal batteries in comparison to the durable lithium-ion batteries. Herein, inspired by squashy pomegranate structure, a novel loading strategy of metallic lithium (Li) is introduced to construct dendrite-free Li metal anodes through porous reduced graphene oxide/Au (PRGO/Au) composite microrods (MRs) as unique storage parcels. The abundant internal voids and robust host structure are capable of achieving high mass loading of Li metal and effectively alleviating the conceivable volume change during cycling, accompanied by the preferential selective plating/stripping of Li inside the graphene-based MRs with the embedded Au nanonuclei. As a result, the obtained PRGO/Au-Li anodes deliver a long-lifespan stable cycling up to 600 h with a high specific capacity of ≈2140 mA h g-1 and voltage hysteresis as low as 20 mV in the absence of dendrites. The assembled full cells exhibit excellent rate capability and cycling stability. This work provides an alternative strategy to construct advanced high-energy-density lithium batteries via the unique 1D bioinspired graphene-based packaging strategy.

General Synthesis and Solution Processing of Metal-Organic Framework Nanofibers.

By virtue of their extraordinarily high surface areas, ordered pore structures, various compositions, and rich functionality, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are of great interest in diverse fields such as gas separation, sensing, catalysis, energy, environment science, and biomedicine. However, the difficulty in processing MOF crystals and controlling the MOF superstructure is emerging as a critical issue in their application. Herein, it is reported that a robust template, i.e., nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC), can be used for the synthesis of MOF materials with 1D nanofiber morphology. NFC@MOF core-shell nanofibers with a uniform network structure and high aspect ratios can be prepared by use of this template. The small crystal size, flexibility, and good dispersity of the NFC@MOF nanofibers make it convenient for the macroscale assembly and solution processing of MOF materials. A proof-of-concept study is demonstrated wherein freestanding MOF nanofiber membranes represent good performance in applications of water treatment and heterogeneous catalysis reaction. This general synthesis and solution-processing strategy may herald a new era in promoting the industrial application of MOFs.

A retroperitoneal bronchogenic cyst clinically mimicking an adrenal mass: three case reports and a literature review.

Bronchogenic cysts are a congenital primitive foregut-derived developmental malformation, generally occurring in the posterior mediastinum. Their development in the retroperitoneum is extremely rare. Imaging techniques, such as multidetector computed tomography (MDCT), are typically effective in the detection of these lesions. Here, we describe three cases of a retroperitoneal cyst presenting as a para-adrenal mass. Only one boy presented with abdominal pain, and the other two showed no clinical symptoms. Endocrinological evaluation of all three cases was performed, and no adrenal hormone secretion was detected. All three cases were misdiagnosed preoperatively. Each patient underwent surgery, and one symptomatic patient became asymptomatic after surgery. Pathologic examination confirmed all three masses as bronchogenic cysts. The three cases showed some similar MDCT imaging features, including a complete adrenal structure, a cystic or solid mass in the adrenal region, and no obvious enhancement. Therefore, bronchogenic cysts should be considered in the differential diagnosis of retroperitoneal masses, even though accurate preoperative diagnosis remains difficult. A contrast-enhanced MDCT scan may be useful for differentiating hyper-attenuated cysts from other soft tissue masses.

Distinct patterns of organized activity participation and their associations with school readiness among Chinese preschoolers.

Organized extracurricular activities (EAs) constitute an important part of many young children's lives. However, the role of EAs in children's development during early childhood is poorly understood. The current study examined the associations between EA participation and a range of school readiness outcomes in a sample of 345 urban Chinese preschoolers. Using three waves of data collected on EA participation and applying growth mixture modeling, we discovered two distinct trajectory classes with respect to the breadth of EA participation as well as two classes for EA attendance intensity. With a series of covariates controlled for, children's greater initial levels of or rates of increase in EA breadth were related to better early math skills. Greater probabilities of belonging to the higher-intensity class were also associated with better early math skills in children. However, EA participation did not predict other aspects of children's school readiness, including Chinese reading, receptive vocabulary, expressive language, social skills, and problem behaviors. This study extends existing EA literature, which has primarily focused on school-aged populations in Western contexts, by demonstrating substantial individual variations in Chinese preschoolers' trajectories of EA participation. Our findings suggest that EAs seem to have little unique contribution to children's school readiness except for early math skills.

Disentangling the Relations Between Different Components of Family Socioeconomic Status and Chinese Preschoolers' School Readiness.

Family socioeconomic status (SES) has been frequently linked to children's early development. Treating SES as an aggregated variable has many issues, as different components of SES may relate to child outcomes through divergent mechanisms. The purpose of the study was to examine whether parents' engagement in home learning activities and children's participation in extracurricular activities (EAs) would function as pathways through which individual SES components related to children's school readiness. A total of 588 families with preschool-aged children were recruited from Guangdong province in China. Children's receptive vocabulary, Chinese reading, and early math skills were individually assessed at three time points, and children's social skills were rated by parents. Parents reported their engagement in home learning activities with children and their children's participation in EAs. The results showed that all three components of family SES were related to multiple aspects of children's school readiness, but through different pathways. Parental income was related to children's school readiness through EA participation only; parental education and occupational status were associated with school readiness via both parental engagement and child EA participation. The findings suggest that considering SES components separately will produce a more nuanced understanding of the divergent pathways through which family SES may relate to children's school readiness. Chinese government may provide parent education programs focused on cognitive stimulation for low-SES families to promote children's school readiness. Furthermore, the government needs to ensure children's equal access to EAs to prevent increasing the developmental gap among children from discrepant socioeconomic backgrounds.

El nivel socioeconómico familiar se ha asociado frecuentemente con el desarrollo de la primera infancia. Tratar el nivel socioeconómico familiar como una variable agregada tiene muchos problemas, ya que los diferentes componentes del nivel socioeconómico familiar pueden relacionarse con los resultados de los niños mediante diferentes mecanismos. El propósito del estudio fue analizar si la participación de los padres en actividades de aprendizaje en el hogar y la participación de los niños en actividades extracurriculares funcionan como vías por las cuales los componentes individuales del nivel socioeconómico se relacionan con la madurez de los niños para la escolaridad. Se convocó a un total de 588 familias con niños en edad preescolar de la provincia de Cantón en China. Se evaluaron individualmente el vocabulario receptivo de los niños, la lectura en chino y las habilidades matemáticas iniciales en tres intervalos de tiempo, y los padres calificaron las habilidades sociales de los niños. Los padres informaron su participación en actividades de aprendizaje en el hogar con los niños y la participación de sus hijos en actividades extracurriculares. Los resultados demostraron que los tres componentes del nivel socioeconómico familiar estuvieron relacionados con varios aspectos de la madurez de los niños para la escolaridad, pero mediante diferentes vías. Los ingresos de los padres estuvieron relacionados con la madurez de los niños para la escolaridad mediante la participación en actividades extracurriculares solamente; la educación de los padres y la situación ocupacional estuvieron asociadas con la madurez para la escolaridad mediante la participación de los padres y la participación de los niños en actividades extracurriculares. Los resultados sugieren que tener en cuenta los componentes del nivel socioeconómico por separado producirá una comprensión más sutil de las diversas vías mediante las cuales el nivel socioeconómico de la familia puede relacionarse con la madurez de los niños para la escolaridad. El gobierno chino puede proporcionar programas de capacitación para padres centrados en la estimulación cognitiva para familias de bajo nivel socioeconómico a fin de promover la madurez de los niños para la escolaridad. Además, el gobierno necesita garantizar el acceso equitativo de los niños a las actividades extracurriculares para evitar el aumento de la brecha en el desarrollo entre niños de diferentes orígenes socioeconómicos.

Case control study on T-plate combined with suture anchors for the treatment of Neer Ⅱb clavicle fractures / 中国骨伤

OBJECTIVE@#To compare the clinical efficacy of distal radius T-plate combined with suture anchor and distal clavicle anatomical locking plate combined with suture anchor in the treatment of Neer Ⅱb distal clavicle fracture.@*METHODS@#From June 2014 to June 2018, 42 patients with Neer Ⅱb distal clavicle fractures were retrospectively analyzed. According to different surgical methods, they were divided into the observation group (T-shaped plate combined with suture anchor) and the control group (anatomical locking plate combined with suture anchor). There were 22 patients in the observation group and 20 patients in the control group. In the observation group, there were 13 males and 9 females, aged from 22 to 70 (45.78± 14.44) years old, 12 cases on the left side and 10 cases on the right side, 8 cases of traffic accident injury and 14 cases of fall. In the control group, there were 12 males and 8 females, aged from 24 to 66 (44.17±15.58) years, 13 cases on the left side and 7 cases on the right side, 6 cases of traffic accident injuryand 14 cases of fall. The operation time, intraoperative blood loss and fracture healing time were compared between the two groups, and Constant Murley score was used to evaluate shoulder joint function.@*RESULTS@#The patients in both groups were followed up for 18 to 24 (20.96±2.02) months. The incisions of both groups were healed at stageⅠ. The fracture ends of both groups were bony healed at the last follow up. There was no significant difference in operation time, intraoperative blood loss and fracture healing time between two groups (@*CONCLUSION@#The two methods can obtain satisfactory results in the treatment of Neer Ⅱb distal clavicle fractures, especially suitable for patients with comminuted distal clavicle fractures or osteoporosis; the clinical effect of the treatment of NeerⅡb distal clavicle fractures with T type distal radius plate combined with suture anchor is satisfactory, which provides another feasible treatment scheme for clinic.

Assessment of left ventricular deformation in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus by cardiac magnetic resonance tissue tracking.

To quantify the global and regional left ventricular (LV) myocardial strain in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients using cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) tissue-tracking techniques and to determine the ability of myocardial strain parameters to assessment the LV deformation. Our study included 98 adult T2DM patients (preserved LV ejection fraction [LVEF], 72; reduced LVEF, 26) and 35 healthy controls. Conventional LV function, volume-time curve parameters and LV remodeling index were measured using CMR. Global and regional LV myocardial strain parameters were measured using CMR tissue tracking and compared between the different sub-groups. Receiver operating characteristic analysis was used to assess the diagnostic accuracy. Regression analyses were conducted to determine the relationship between strain parameters and the LV remodeling index. The results show that global radial peak strain (PS) and circumferential PS were not significantly different between the preserved-LVEF group and control group (P > 0.05). However, longitudinal PS was significantly lower in the preserved-LVEF group than in the control group (P = 0.005). Multivariate linear and logistic regression analyses showed that global longitudinal PS was independently associated (ß = 0.385, P < 0.001) with the LV remodeling index. In conclusion, early quantitative evaluation of cardiac deformation can be successfully performed using CMR tissue tracking in T2DM patients. In addition, global longitudinal PS can complement LVEF in the assessment of cardiac function.

Family socioeconomic status and Chinese preschoolers' social skills: Examining underlying family processes.

Using a longitudinal sample of 508 Chinese preschool children, this study examined how family socioeconomic status (SES) was related to preschool children's social skills development through family processes using multilevel latent growth curve modeling. After controlling for the effects of personal characteristics, a significant indirect effect of family SES on initial levels of children's social skills and growth was observed and mediated through maternal depressive symptoms, marital relationships, and parenting practices. Maternal depressive symptoms from family SES was linked to poorer marital relationships and parenting practices, which were linked to children's social skills. Authoritative parenting was related to increased growth in children's social skills. In addition, authoritative parenting mediated the effects of marital relationship quality on both initial levels and growth in social skills. Implications for future research and intervention are discussed. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).

Persistence and clearance of viral RNA in 2019 novel coronavirus disease rehabilitation patients.

BACKGROUND: A patient's infectivity is determined by the presence of the virus in different body fluids, secretions, and excreta. The persistence and clearance of viral RNA from different specimens of patients with 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) remain unclear. This study analyzed the clearance time and factors influencing 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) RNA in different samples from patients with COVID-19, providing further evidence to improve the management of patients during convalescence. METHODS: The clinical data and laboratory test results of convalescent patients with COVID-19 who were admitted to from January 20, 2020 to February 10, 2020 were collected retrospectively. The reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) results for patients' oropharyngeal swab, stool, urine, and serum samples were collected and analyzed. Convalescent patients refer to recovered non-febrile patients without respiratory symptoms who had two successive (minimum 24 h sampling interval) negative RT-PCR results for viral RNA from oropharyngeal swabs. The effects of cluster of differentiation 4 (CD4)+ T lymphocytes, inflammatory indicators, and glucocorticoid treatment on viral nucleic acid clearance were analyzed. RESULTS: In the 292 confirmed cases, 66 patients recovered after treatment and were included in our study. In total, 28 (42.4%) women and 38 men (57.6%) with a median age of 44.0 (34.0-62.0) years were analyzed. After in-hospital treatment, patients' inflammatory indicators decreased with improved clinical condition. The median time from the onset of symptoms to first negative RT-PCR results for oropharyngeal swabs in convalescent patients was 9.5 (6.0-11.0) days. By February 10, 2020, 11 convalescent patients (16.7%) still tested positive for viral RNA from stool specimens and the other 55 patients' stool specimens were negative for 2019-nCoV following a median duration of 11.0 (9.0-16.0) days after symptom onset. Among these 55 patients, 43 had a longer duration until stool specimens were negative for viral RNA than for throat swabs, with a median delay of 2.0 (1.0-4.0) days. Results for only four (6.9%) urine samples were positive for viral nucleic acid out of 58 cases; viral RNA was still present in three patients' urine specimens after throat swabs were negative. Using a multiple linear regression model (F = 2.669, P = 0.044, and adjusted R = 0.122), the analysis showed that the CD4+ T lymphocyte count may help predict the duration of viral RNA detection in patients' stools (t = -2.699, P = 0.010). The duration of viral RNA detection from oropharyngeal swabs and fecal samples in the glucocorticoid treatment group was longer than that in the non-glucocorticoid treatment group (15 days vs. 8.0 days, respectively; t = 2.550, P = 0.013) and the duration of viral RNA detection in fecal samples in the glucocorticoid treatment group was longer than that in the non-glucocorticoid treatment group (20 days vs. 11 days, respectively; t = 4.631, P < 0.001). There was no statistically significant difference in inflammatory indicators between patients with positive fecal viral RNA test results and those with negative results (P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: In brief, as the clearance of viral RNA in patients' stools was delayed compared to that in oropharyngeal swabs, it is important to identify viral RNA in feces during convalescence. Because of the delayed clearance of viral RNA in the glucocorticoid treatment group, glucocorticoids are not recommended in the treatment of COVID-19, especially for mild disease. The duration of RNA detection may relate to host cell immunity.

Temperature-Invariant Superelastic and Fatigue Resistant Carbon Nanofiber Aerogels.

Superelastic and fatigue-resistant materials that can work over a wide temperature range are highly desired for diverse applications. A morphology-retained and scalable carbonization method is reported to thermally convert a structural biological material (i.e., bacterial cellulose) into graphitic carbon nanofiber aerogel by engineering the pyrolysis chemistry. The prepared carbon aerogel perfectly inherits the hierarchical structures of bacterial cellulose from macroscopic to microscopic scales, resulting in remarkable thermomechanical properties. In particular, it maintains superelasticity without plastic deformation even after 2 × 106 compressive cycles and exhibits exceptional temperature-invariant superelasticity and fatigue resistance over a wide temperature range at least from -100 to 500 °C. This aerogel shows unique advantages over polymeric foams, metallic foams, and ceramic foams in terms of thermomechanical stability and fatigue resistance, with the realization of scalable synthesis and the economic advantage of biological materials.