Adversarial Infrared Curves: An attack on infrared pedestrian detectors in the physical world.

Deep neural network security is a persistent concern, with considerable research on visible light physical attacks but limited exploration in the infrared domain. Existing approaches, like white-box infrared attacks using bulb boards and QR suits, lack realism and stealthiness. Meanwhile, black-box methods with cold and hot patches often struggle to ensure robustness. To bridge these gaps, we propose Adversarial Infrared Curves (AdvIC). Using Particle Swarm Optimization, we optimize two Bezier curves and employ cold patches in the physical realm to introduce perturbations, creating infrared curve patterns for physical sample generation. Our extensive experiments confirm AdvIC's effectiveness, achieving 94.8% and 67.2% attack success rates for digital and physical attacks, respectively. Stealthiness is demonstrated through a comparative analysis, and robustness assessments reveal AdvIC's superiority over baseline methods. When deployed against diverse advanced detectors, AdvIC achieves an average attack success rate of 76.2%, emphasizing its robust nature. We conduct thorough experimental analyses, including ablation experiments, transfer attacks, adversarial defense investigations, etc. Given AdvIC's substantial security implications for real-world vision-based applications, urgent attention and mitigation efforts are warranted.

Adversarial infrared blocks: A multi-view black-box attack to thermal infrared detectors in physical world.

Thermal infrared detectors have a vast array of potential applications in pedestrian detection and autonomous driving, and their safety performance is of great concern. Recent works use bulb plate, "QR" suit, and infrared patches as physical perturbations to perform white-box attacks on thermal infrared detectors, which are effective but not practical for real-world scenarios. Some researchers have tried to utilize hot and cold blocks as physical perturbations for black-box attacks on thermal infrared detectors. However, this attempts has not yielded robust and multi-view physical attacks, indicating limitations in the approach. To overcome the limitations of existing approaches, we introduce a novel black-box physical attack method, called adversarial infrared blocks (AdvIB). By optimizing the physical parameters of the infrared blocks and deploying them to pedestrians from multiple views, including the front, side, and back, AdvIB can execute robust and multi-view attacks on thermal infrared detectors. Our physical tests show that the proposed method achieves a success rate of over 80% under most distance and view conditions, validating its effectiveness. For stealthiness, our method involves attaching the adversarial infrared block to the inside of clothing, enhancing its stealthiness. Additionally, we perform comprehensive experiments and compare the experimental results with baseline to verify the robustness of our method. In summary, AdvIB allows for potent multi-view black-box attacks, profoundly influencing ethical considerations in today's society. Potential consequences, including disasters from technology misuse and attackers' legal liability, highlight crucial ethical and security issues associated with AdvIB. Considering these concerns, we urge heightened attention to the proposed AdvIB. Our code can be accessed from the following link: https://github.com/ChengYinHu/AdvIB.git.

Sarcomatoid hepatocellular carcinoma: A case report and review of the literature.

RATIONALE: Sarcomatoid hepatocellular carcinoma (SHC) is a rare malignant tumor composed of both carcinoma and sarcoma components. It has atypical clinical symptoms and a high degree of malignancy, with rapid progression and a poor prognosis. PATIENT CONCERNS: A 63-year-old female patient was admitted to our hospital with a chief complaint of fatigue present for more than 1 month and fever for 10 days. DIAGNOSES: This patient underwent an upper abdominal MRI plain scan and enhanced scan showed a solid tumor in the right lobe of the liver, with a size of approximately 4.7 cm × 4.0 cm × 6.5 cm, present as low signal on T1WI, slightly high signal on T2WI, and heterogeneous high signal on DWI. Multi-phase dynamic contrast-enhanced MR scan showed significant enhancement in the arterial phase and low enhancement in the portal and delayed phases. The pathology showed the tumor cells to be positive for cytokeratin (CK), Vimentin, EMA, CD34, cyclinD1, negative for CK8, CK19, CK20, SMA, Desmin, S-100, CD117, Dog-1, Hepar-1, SOX-10 and ALK, and Ki-67 approximately 50%, which confirmed the diagnosis of SHC. INTERVENTIONS: Laparoscopic right posterior lobe of liver resection was conducted, and the postoperative pathology revealed the presence of SHC. OUTCOMES: The patient was discharged 9 days after the surgery without any complications. There has been no evidence of recurrence at the 1 month, however bilateral pleural metastases appeared during the follow-up 3 months after surgery. LESSONS: SHC is a rare and aggressive liver cancer. So far, there is still a lack of effective therapeutic strategy, and the prognosis was dismal even though patients received radical surgical resection.