ABSTRACT
Paphiopedilum henryanum Braem 1987 is a critically Endangered terrestrial orchid mainly occurred around the southern China and northern Vietnamese borders. Recently, the population size of this species has been sharply declined due to many threats such as climate change, habitat loss, and narrow distribution. In this study, the complete chloroplast genome sequence of P. henryanum was determined from Illumina pair-end sequencing data. The chloroplast genome was 155,886 bp in length, including a large single copy region (LSC) of 87,573 bp, a small single-copy region (SSC) of 2,831 bp, and a pair of inverted repeated regions (IRa and IRb) of 32,741 bp each. The chloroplast genome contained 121 genes corresponding to 76 protein-coding genes, 8 ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes and 37 transfer RNA (tRNA) genes, respectively. The results of phylogenetic analysis indicated that P. henryanum was closely related to P. violascens and P. venustum in the genus Paphiopedilum based on sixteen whole chloroplast genome sequences. The results would provide a valuable resource for future genetic studies of Paphiopedilum.
ABSTRACT
The genus Paphiopedilum is well known as the lady's slipper orchid in Orchidaceae family. Paphiopedilum bellatulum (Rchb.f.) Stein 1892, has important medicinal and ornamental value, which occurs in the tropical Asia. However, in recent decades, it was threatened with extinction by significantly reduced small population size. In this study, we sequenced and characterized the complete chloroplast genome of P. bellatulum based on the Illumina Hiseq platform. The size of P. bellatulum chloroplast genome was 156,567 bp, including a large single-copy (LSC) region of 88,243 bp, a small single-copy (SSC) region of 3652 bp, and two inverted repeat regions (IRs) of 32,336 bp. The overall GC contents of the chloroplast genome were 35.71%. A total of 122 genes were annotated, including 76 protein-coding genes, 38 transfer RNAs (tRNAs), and eight ribosomal RNAs (rRNAs). The phylogenetic analysis indicated that P. bellatulum formed a close relationship with another Paphiopedilum species P. wenshanense. The results will provide helpful genetic resource for further phylogenetic studies of the genus Paphiopedilum.
ABSTRACT
Disclosing the fate of lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) during the cement production process is the key to control their atmospheric emissions, which have not attracted much attention yet. In this study, three precalciner cement plants (CPs) using different raw materials in Guizhou Province in Southwest China were investigated. It showed that the concentrations of Pb and Cd in different raw materials and the associated total metal input of these materials were different among CPs; the behavior of Pb and Cd were almost the same during the clinker production process that there has been no accumulation of these two elements inside the system, and nearly all input of Pb and Cd were discharged by the clinker. Although the temperature of clinkerization was pretty high of 1450 °C, the atmospheric emission ratio of both metals was negligible (<0.006% for Pb and <0.002% for Cd of the total output, respectively); the main reason might be that the two elements were incorporated into the minerals of clinker, either as silicate or sulfate. The long-term environmental impacts of some high Pb-and Cd-laden clinkers and cement need to be monitored and evaluated.
ABSTRACT
Cymbidium bicolor belongs to Orchid family (Orchidaceae), it has high ornamental and traditional medicinal value. The complete chloroplast genome of C. bicolor was sequenced using the Illumina Hiseq platform. The size of the C. bicolor chloroplast genome is 156,528 bp, with an average GC content of 36.8%. This chloroplast genome has containing a large single copy (LSC) region of 85,907 bp, a small single copy (SSC) region of 17,215 bp, and two inverted (IRa and IRb) repeat regions of two 26,703 bp. A total of 124 genes were annotated, including 78 protein-coding genes, 38 tRNA genes, and 8 rRNA genes. A maximum likelihood phylogenetic tree indicated that C. bicolor is closely related to C. mannii in the genus Cymbidium based on 16 whole chloroplast genome sequences.
