Combining body mass index and waist height ratio to assess the relationship between obesity and serum uric acid levels in adolescents.

Background: The study aims to explore the relationship between obesity and serum uric acid in adolescents by combining body mass index and waist height ratio. Methods: 475 adolescents in our study were classified as normal weight without central obesity (NW), normal weight but central obesity (NWCO), overweight or obesity without central obesity (OB) and overweight or obesity with central obesity (OBCO). Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for hyperuricemia were calculated using a logistic regression model. The dose-response association between obesity indicators and serum uric acid were explored by restricted cubic spline model. Results: The highest serum uric acid level and the OR for hyperuricemia were found in the OBCO group, regardless of sex. After controlling for waist height ratio, the risk of hyperuricemia increased with increasing body mass index in boys and girls. The restricted cubic spline model showed that boys had higher ORs for hyperuricemia at the 25th and 75th percentiles of body mass index than for waist height ratio and girls had a higher OR for hyperuricemia than waist height ratio at the 25th percentile of body mass index. Conclusions: Hyperuricemia in adolescence was not only associated with the overweight or obesity in BMI, but with the combination of overweight or obesity in BMI and central obesity in WHtR. However, in boys and girls, the increased risk of hyperuricemia associated with elevated body mass index was significantly better than that of waist height ratio.

Altered adolescents obesity metabolism is associated with hypertension: a UPLC-MS-based untargeted metabolomics study.

Objective: This study aimed to explore the relationship between the plasma metabolites of adolescent obesity and hypertension and whether metabolite alterations had a mediating effort between adolescent obesity and hypertension. Methods: We applied untargeted ultra-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS) to detect the plasma metabolomic profiles of 105 adolescents. All participants were selected randomly based on a previous cross-sectional study. An orthogonal partial least squares- discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA), followed by univariate statistics and enrichment analysis, was used to identify differential metabolites. Using logistic regression for variable selection, an obesity-related metabolite score (OMS, OMS=∑k=1nßnmetabolite n) was constructed from the metabolites identified, and hypertension risk was estimated. Results: In our study, based on P< 0.05, variable importance in projection (VIP) > 1.0, and impact value > 0.1, we identified a total of 12 differential metabolites. Significantly altered metabolic pathways were the sphingolipid metabolism, purine metabolism, pyrimidine metabolism, phospholipid metabolism, steroid hormone biosynthesis, tryptophan, tyrosine, and phenylalanine biosynthesis. The logistic regression selection resulted in a four-metabolite score (thymidine, sphingomyelin (SM) d40:1, 4-hydroxyestradiol, and L-lysinamide), which was positively associated with hypertension risk (odds ratio: 7.79; 95% confidence interval: 2.13, 28.47; for the quintile 4 compared with quartile 1 of OMS) after multivariable adjustment. Conclusions: The OMS constructed from four differential metabolites was used to predict the risk of hypertension in adolescents. These findings could provide sensitive biomarkers for the early recognition of hypertension in adolescents with obesity.

Diagnostic accuracy of anthropometric indices for discriminating elevated blood pressure in pediatric population: a systematic review and a meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: Childhood obesity is more likely to increase the chance of many adult health problems. Numerous studies have shown obese children to be more prone to elevated blood pressure (BP) and hypertension. It is important to identify an obesity anthropometric index with good discriminatory power for them in pediatric population. METHODS: MEDLINE/PubMed, Web of Science, and Cochrane databases were retrieved comprehensively for eligible studies on childhood obesity and hypertension/elevated BP through June 2021. The systematic review and meta-analysis of studies used receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curves for evaluating the discriminatory power of body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) in distinguishing children with elevated BP and hypertension. RESULTS: 21 cross-sectional studies involving 177,943 children and 3-19 years of age were included in our study. Meta-analysis showed that the pooled area under the reporting receiver-operating characteristic curves (AUC) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for BMI, WC, and WHtR to detect hypertension of boys were 0.68 (0.64, 0.72), 0.69 (0.64, 0.74), 0.67 (0.63, 0.71), for elevated BP, the pooled AUCs and 95% CIs were 0.67 (0.61, 0.73), 0.65 (0.58, 0.73), 0.65 (0.61, 0.71). The pooled AUCs and 95% CIs for BMI, WC and WHtR of predicting hypertension were 0.70 (0.66, 0.75), 0.69 (0.64, 0.75), 0.67 (0.63, 0.72) in girls, the pooled AUCs and 95% CIs of predicting elevated BP were 0.63 (0.61, 0.65), 0.62 (0.60, 0.65), 0.62 (0.60, 0.64) respectively. There was no anthropometric index was statistically superior in identifying hypertension and elevated BP, however, the accuracy of BMI predicting hypertension was significantly higher than elevated BP in girls (P < 0.05). The subgroup analysis for the comparison of BMI, WC and WHtR was performed, no significant difference in predicting hypertension and elevated BP in pediatric population. CONCLUSIONS: This systematic review showed that no anthropometric index was superior in identifying hypertension and elevated BP in pediatric population. While compared with predicting elevated BP, all the indicators showed superiority in predicting hypertension in children, the difference was especially obvious in girls. A better anthropometric index should be explored to predict children's early blood pressure abnormalities.

Site-Specific N-Glycan Characterization of Grass Carp Serum IgM.

Immunoglobulin M (IgM) is the major antibody in teleost fish and plays an important role in humoral adaptive immunity. The N-linked carbohydrates presenting on IgM have been well documented in higher vertebrates, but little is known regarding site-specific N-glycan characteristics in teleost IgM. In order to characterize these site-specific N-glycans, we conducted the first study of the N-glycans of each glycosylation site of the grass carp serum IgM. Among the four glycosylation sites, the Asn-262, Asn-303, and Asn-426 residues were efficiently glycosylated, while Asn-565 at the C-terminal tailpiece was incompletely occupied. A striking decrease in the level of occupancy at the Asn-565 glycosite was observed in dimeric IgM compared to that in monomeric IgM, and no glycan occupancy of Asn-565 was observed in tetrameric IgM. Glycopeptide analysis with liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry revealed mainly complex-type glycans with substantial heterogeneity, with neutral; monosialyl-, disialyl- and trisialylated; and fucosyl-and non-fucosyl-oligosaccharides conjugated to grass carp serum IgM. Glycan variation at a single site was greatest at the Asn-262 glycosite. Unlike IgMs in other species, only traces of complex-type and no high-mannose glycans were found at the Asn-565 glycosite. Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization analysis of released glycans confirmed the overwhelming majority of carbohydrates were of the complex-type. These results indicate that grass carp serum IgM exhibits unique N-glycan features and highly processed oligosaccharides attached to individual glycosites.

MicroRNA-129 and -335 Promote Diabetic Wound Healing by Inhibiting Sp1-Mediated MMP-9 Expression.

Diabetic wounds are recalcitrant to healing. However, the mechanism causing this dysfunction is not fully understood. High expression of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) is indicative of poor wound healing. In this study, we show that specificity protein-1 (Sp1), a regulator of MMP-9, binds directly to its promoter and enhances its expression. Additionally, we demonstrated that Sp1 is the direct target of two microRNAs (miRNAs), miR-129 and -335, which are significantly downregulated in diabetic skin tissues. In vitro experiments confirmed that miR-129 or -335 overexpression inhibits MMP-9 promoter activity and protein expression by targeting Sp1, whereas the inhibition of these miRNAs has the opposite effect. The beneficial role of miR-129 or miR-335 in diabetic wound healing was confirmed by the topical administration of miRNA agomirs in diabetic animals. This treatment downregulated Sp1-mediated MMP-9 expression, increased keratinocyte migration, and recovered skin thickness and collagen content. The combined treatment with miR-129 and miR-335 induced a synergistic effect on Sp1 repression and MMP-9 downregulation both in vitro and in vivo. This study demonstrates the regulatory mechanism of Sp1-mediated MMP-9 expression in diabetic wound healing and highlights the potential therapeutic benefits of miR-129 and -335 in delayed wound healing in diabetes.

[Mechanism of reductive dechlorination of trichlorophenol with different electron donors].

A test was conducted to examine the degradation effect and reductive dechlorination pathway of 2, 4, 6-trichlorophenol (2,4,6-TCP) in the presence of different electron donors, such as glucose, sodium lactate, sodium pyruvate and sodium acetate. The results showed that, compared with the effect of glucose, sodium lactate, sodium pyruvate and sodium acetate enhanced the dechlorination of 2, 4, 6-TCP effectively, among which sodium lactate could serve as a kind of hydrogen release compound, and the electrons required for reductive dechlorination were released in a sustained way. Substrate metabolism dehydrogenase activity was improved by the external electron donor; after reaction for 240 h, the activity of dehydrogenase was increased in the four electron donor systems, by 21.49%, 25.78%, 136.85% and 139.3%, respectively. The main reductive dechlorination products of 2,4,6-TCP included 2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP), 4-chlorophenol (4-CP) and phenol; when sodium acetate was used as the electron donor, 4-CP was the main degradation product, and the transformation ratio from 2,4,6-TCP to 4-CP was more than 22%.