Salmonella typhimurium may support cancer treatment: a review.

Antitumour treatments are evolving, including bacteria-mediated cancer therapy which is concurrently an ancient and cutting-edge approach. Salmonella typhimurium is a widely studied bacterial species that colonizes tumor tissues, showing oncolytic and immune system-regulating properties. It can be used as a delivery vector for genes and drugs, supporting conventional treatments that lack tumor-targeting abilities. This article summarizes recent evidence on the anticancer mechanisms of S. typhimurium alone and in combination with other anticancer treatments, suggesting that it may be a suitable approach to disease management.

Identification and validation of novel gene markers of osteoporosis by weighted co expression analysis.

Background: Osteoporosis is a serious global public health concern. The present study identified specific osteoporosis biomarkers which were used to generate a predictive prognostic model for patients with osteoporosis. Methods: Datasets from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database were analyzed. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between osteoporosis and normal controls were identified by integrated microarray analysis of the GEO database. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses of differentially expressed gene function were performed. The best diagnostic gene biomarkers for Osteoporosis were identified using Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) and protein-protein interaction (PPIs) networks. Classification models including support vector machines (SVM) was developed to test the diagnostic value of the identified gene biomarkers for osteoporosis. Integrated microarray analysis of the GEO database (GSE62402, GSE7158 and GSE13850) was used for validation. Results: A total of 1,589 DEGs related to osteoporosis were identified in the GSE35959 dataset. These DEGs were enriched in various pathways including the negative regulation of the calcium ion transmembrane transport pathway. WGCNA identified 16 models, with the blue module showing a strong positive association with osteoporosis, and the turquoise module showing a considerable negative association with osteoporosis. Six hub genes were identified and used as features to build a predictive prognostic model for osteoporosis using the GSE35959 dataset. The model was verified using the GSE62402, GSE7158, and GSE13850 datasets. Conclusions: These findings provide crucial insights into the mechanisms of the occurrence and progression of osteoporosis. Furthermore, the identification of novel potential biomarkers may contribute to the early diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of osteoporosis.

Systematic review and meta-analysis of the effect of using percutaneous pedicle screw internal fixation for thoracolumbar fractures.

BACKGROUND: Thoracolumbar fractures are common in routine injuries. The best way to treat a thoracolumbar fracture is to repair the thoracic fracture with fixation, which is classified into percutaneous pedicle screw fixation and open pedicle screw fixation. METHODS: The literature was searched in the English database PubMed, Ovid-Medline, Embase, and China Biology Medicine Disc (CBM) from the date of establishment of PubMed to June 2021, and keywords such as percutaneous pedicle screw and posterior percutaneous pedicle screw fixation were searched. A meta-analysis was performed using RevMan5.3, which was provided by Cochrane.com. RESULTS: A total of 9 articles were included. The results showed that the operative time of percutaneous pedicle screw fixation was shorter than that of open pedicle screw fixation. Percutaneous pedicle screw internal fixation had better Cobb angle restoration effect than open pedicle screw internal fixation. However, there were considerable differences in pain and screw misplacement rates. In addition, the pain after percutaneous pedicle screw fixation was smaller than that after open pedicle screw fixation, and patients had better compliance. DISCUSSION: Compared with open surgery, percutaneous pedicle screw fixation had a shorter operation time, better cobb angle recovery, and a lower pain sensation following surgery. The low rate of screw misplacement and postoperative infection suggested that percutaneous pedicle screw fixation was more effective than open surgery.

Construction of a 5-feature gene model by support vector machine for classifying osteoporosis samples.

Osteoporosis is a progressive bone disease in the elderly and lacks an effective classification method of patients. This study constructed a gene signature for an accurate prediction and classification of osteoporosis patients. Three gene expression datasets of osteoporosis samples were acquired from the Gene Expression Omnibus database with pre-set criteria. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between normal and diseased osteoporosis samples were screened using Limma package in R language. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was established based on interaction data of the DEGs from the Human Protein Reference Database. Classification accuracy of the classifier was assessed with sensitivity, specificity and area under curve (AUC) using the pROC package in the R. Pathway enrichment analysis was performed on feature genes with clusterProfiler. A total of 310 differentially expressed genes between two samples were associated with positive regulation of protein secretion and cytokine secretion, neutrophil-mediated immunity, and neutrophil activation. PPI network of DEGs consisted of 12 genes. A SVM classifier based on five feature genes was developed to classify osteoporosis samples, showing a higher prediction accuracy and AUC for GSE35959, GSE62402, GSE13850, GSE56814, GSE56815 and GSE7429 datasets. A SVM classifier with a high accuracy was developed for predicting osteoporosis. The genes included may be the potential feature genes in osteoporosis development.AbbreviationsDEGs: Differentially expressed genes; PPI: protein-protein interaction; WHO: World Health Organization; SVM: Support vector machine; GEO: Gene Expression Omnibus; KEGG: Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes; GO: Gene Ontology; BP: Biological Process; CC: Cellular Component; MF: Molecular Function; SVM: Support vector machines.

Isorhamnetin promotes functional recovery in rats with spinal cord injury by abating oxidative stress and modulating M2 macrophages/microglia polarization.

Spinal cord injury (SCI), mostly caused by sports injuries, falls, or traffic accidents, is a major cause of disability. The aim of current work was to investigate the therapeutic effect of isorhamnetin (ISO) on functional recovery in rats with SCI. The male adult rats were exposed to a clip-compression SCI and treated with ISO. ISO treatment improved locomotor function and reduced the loss of motor neurons in SCI rats. Treatment with ISO markedly relieved SCI-induced hypersensitivities to mechanical and thermal stimulation in rats. ISO treatment activated nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)/heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) pathway and abated oxidative stress in injured spinal cords. ISO treatment partly suppressed microglial and glial activation and reduced expression of inflammatory cytokines including TNF-α, monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1), and IL-1ß in injured spinal cords. More importantly, ISO treatment promoted M2 macrophage activation in the injured region. lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or IL-4 was employed to stimulate macrophages/microglia into M1 or M2 phenotype in cultured BV2 cells in vitro. ISO treatment enhanced the expression of characteristic microglial anti-inflammatory polarization markers in BV2 cells. In conclusions, ISO treatment promotes functional recovery in rats with SCI by abating oxidative stress and modulating M1/M2 macrophage polarization.

Clinical efficacy of arthroscopy in the treatment of discoid meniscus injury and related risk factors for postoperative pain.

BACKGROUND: Discoid meniscus is an abnormal meniscus of the knee joint. This study aimed to analyze the clinical efficacy of arthroscopy in the treatment of discoid meniscus injury, and determine the related risk factors for postoperative pain. METHODS: A total of 80 patients with a discoid meniscus injury who were diagnosed and treated in our hospital from May 2017 to May 2018 were selected. According to the different surgical methods, they were divided into the study group (treated with meniscus plasty) or the control group (treated with subtotal meniscectomy). Knee joint motion and knee joint function were measured at 2, 6 and 12 weeks post-surgery. Knee joint function was measured using the Lysholm Knee Scoring Scale to determine clinical efficacy. Patients with an excellent and good rating were included in the painless group, and patients with an average and poor rating were included in the pain group. The risk factors for postoperative pain were analyzed using multivariate logistic regression. RESULTS: Knee joint motion in the study group and the control group gradually increased and reached a peak 12 weeks after surgery (P<0.05), however, there was no significant difference between the 2 groups at each time point after surgery (P>0.05). The excellent and good rate, according to the Lysholm Knee Scoring Scale, was 84.62% in the study group and 84.38% in the control group. There was no significant difference between the 2 groups (P>0.05). There were differences between the pain group and the painless group in Watanabe classification, age, preoperative symptom time, cold compress, joint soft tissue injury, and postoperative weight-bearing time ≤1 week (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Arthroscopy demonstrated efficacy for the treatment of patients with a discoid meniscus injury. Age, duration of preoperative symptoms, articular cartilage injury, postoperative cold compress and postoperative weight-bearing time were independent risk factors that affected postoperative pain after arthroscopic surgery. For high-risk patients, effective prevention and control measures should be taken to improve postoperative pain and promote the recovery of knee joint function.

MicroRNA-590-5p antagonizes the inhibitory effect of high glucose on osteoblast differentiation by suppressing Smad7 in MC3T3-E1 cells.

OBJECTIVE: MicroRNA-590-5p (miR-590-5p) has been reported to stimulate osteoblast differentiation; however, its effect in diabetic osteoporosis remains unknown. This study investigated the effect of miR-590-5p on high glucose (HG)-suppressed osteoblast differentiation. METHODS: The effect of HG on MC3T3-E1 cell survival was assessed using the MTT assay. The expression levels and activities of osteoblastic proteins were evaluated by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) assay, and immunoblotting assay. Tumor growth factor-ß (TGF-ß) signaling in MC3T3-E1 cells was assessed using luciferase assay, qRT-PCR, and immunoblotting. Mineralized nodule formation in MC3T3-E1 cells was examined by using the mineralization assay. RESULTS: When MC3T3-E1 cells were exposed to HG conditions, there was significant downregulation of miR-590-5p and osteoblastic proteins (e.g., collagen I, Runx2, and ALP); in contrast, Smad7 was upregulated. Furthermore, miR-590-5p targeted Smad7 and inhibited its expression. Additionally, overexpression of miR-590-5p significantly promoted osteoblast growth and differentiation by upregulating TGF-ß signaling in HG-treated MC3T3-E1 cells. CONCLUSIONS: Collectively, the results showed that miR-590-5p was involved in osteogenesis; moreover, miR-590-5p may represent a potential target for the treatment of diabetic osteoporosis.

Inhibition of fatty acid synthase supresses osteosarcoma cell invasion and migration.

BACKGROUND: Fatty acid synthase (FASN) is overexpressed in a variety of human cancers, and may be involved in cancer metastasis. Hence, the strategies targeted on FASN may have therapeutic potential for treating cancer metastasis. OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study is to investigate the correlation of FASN expression with metastasis in human osteosarcoma. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Human osteosarcoma cell lines U2-OS and osteosarcoma biopsy specimens were employed in this study. The expression of FASN protein in osteosarcoma specimens was detected by IHC (immunohistochemistry) and the relationship with metastasis was analyzed. We performed the cerulenin, an inhibitor of FASN, to inhibit FASN expression in U2-OS cells. Western blot and RT-PCR were performed to investigate the expression of FASN in U2-OS cells. Cells mobility was detected by wound healing and Transwell assays. RESULTS: Results showed that the FASN expression level in the cases with pulmonary metastases was significantly higher than in those without metastasis. In vitro, the invasion and migration of U2-OS cells were suppressed by inhibiting FASN. Our findings suggested that FASN may be involved in osteosarcoma metastasis.