Domain-limited thermal transformation preparation of novel graphitized carbon-supported layered double oxides for efficient tetracycline degradation.

The resource utilization of industrial lignin to construct high-performance catalysts for wastewater treatment field is pioneering research. Herein, the novel graphitized carbon-supported CuCoAl-layered double oxides (LDOs-GC) were successfully designed by the domain-limited thermal transformation technology using sodium lignosulfonate (LS) self-assembled CuCoAl-layered double hydroxides as the precursor. The optimized LDOs-GC catalyst owned the excellent tetracycline (TC) degradation of 98.0% within 15 min by activated peroxymonosulfate (PMS) under optimal conditions (20 mg/L catalyst, 1.5 mM PMS, 30 mg/L TC). The density of metal ions in the catalyst and the synergistic interaction between graphitized carbon (GC) and metal ions played a major role in TC degradation. Based on a comprehensive analysis, the TC degradation in LDOs-GC/PMS system was proved to be accomplished by a combination of free radicals (SO4·- and HO·) and non-radicals (1O2). Meanwhile, the possible degradation pathways of TC were proposed by the analysis of TC degradation intermediates and a comprehensive analysis of the rational reaction mechanism for TC degradation by LDOs-GC/PMS system was also performed. This work provides a new strategy for developing novel high-performance catalysts from industrial waste, while offering a green, cheap and sustainable approach to antibiotic degradation.

How do housing prices affect innovation and entrepreneurship? Evidence from China.

This paper analyzes how housing prices affect innovation and entrepreneurship. We construct a city-level panel dataset including 281 cities between 2009 and 2019 by merging housing price data from China Statistical Yearbook for Regional Economy with innovation and entrepreneurship data from Peking University Open Research Data Platform. Our results suggest that housing prices are positively associated with the vitality of innovation and entrepreneurship (VIE). The results remain consistent with a series of robustness checks. We also find that rising house prices promote VIE through the wealth effect and the siphon effect. Spatial effect analysis further shows that housing prices not only positively affect the VIE of local cities, but also positively affect the VIE of neighboring cities. These findings imply the necessity of curbing the excessive rise of housing prices and decoupling public services and benefits related to homeownership.

Risk prediction models for mortality and readmission in patients with acute heart failure: A protocol for systematic review, critical appraisal, and meta-analysis.

INTRODUCTION: A considerable number of risk models, which predict outcomes in mortality and readmission rates, have been developed for patients with acute heart failure (AHF) to help stratify patients by risk level, improve decision making, and save medical resources. However, some models exist in a clinically useful manner such as risk scores or online calculators, while others are not, providing only limited information that prevents clinicians and patients from using them. The reported performance of some models varied greatly when predicting at multiple time points and being validated in different cohorts, which causes model users uncertainty about the predictive accuracy of these models. The foregoing leads to users facing difficulties in the selection of prediction models, and even sometimes being reluctant to utilize models. Therefore, a systematic review to assess the performance at multiple time points, applicability, and clinical impact of extant prediction models for mortality and readmission in AHF patients is essential. It may facilitate the selection of models for clinical implementation. METHOD AND ANALYSIS: Four databases will be searched from their inception onwards. Multivariable prognostic models for mortality and/or readmission in AHF patients will be eligible for review. Characteristics and the clinical impact of included models will be summarized qualitatively and quantitatively, and models with clinical utility will be compared with those without. Predictive performance measures of included models with an analogous clinical outcome appraised repeatedly, will be compared and synthesized by a meta-analysis. Meta-analysis of validation studies for a common prediction model at the same time point will also be performed. We will also provide an overview of critical appraisal of the risk of bias, applicability, and reporting transparency of included studies using the PROBAST tool and TRIPOD statement. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION: PROSPERO registration number CRD42021256416.

Rural Land Transfer and Urban Settlement Intentions of Rural Migrants: Evidence from a Rural Land System Reform in China.

Using data from the China Migrants Dynamic Survey, this paper provides new evidence on the impact of rural land transfer on urban settlement intentions of rural migrants. There was a rural land system reform in rural China that provided increased compensation for rural land expropriation and allowed the transaction of collective construction land for business purposes. We determine an increase in urban settlement intentions of rural migrants following the reform as an exogenous change in rural land transfer of rural migrants. We examine two mechanisms that may explain how the reform increased the settlement intentions of rural migrants, and our empirical evidence suggests that the reform increased social integration and reduced rural place attachment of rural migrants. Furthermore, we determine variations in the effect of the reform across migrants of various ages, social security benefits, and migration distances. Overall, this study extends the implications of the market-oriented rural land reform to sustainable and inclusive urbanization and highlights the role of social integration and rural place attachment in migration decisions.

Mechanisms of immune response and cell death in ischemic stroke and their regulation by natural compounds.

Ischemic stroke (IS), which is the third foremost cause of disability and death worldwide, has inflammation and cell death as its main pathological features. IS can lead to neuronal cell death and release factors such as damage-related molecular patterns, stimulating the immune system to release inflammatory mediators, thereby resulting in inflammation and exacerbating brain damage. Currently, there are a limited number of treatment methods for IS, which is a fact necessitating the discovery of new treatment targets. For this review, current research on inflammation and cell death in ischemic stroke was summarized. The complex roles and pathways of the principal immune cells (microglia, astrocyte, neutrophils, T lymphocytes, and monocytes/macrophage) in the immune system after IS in inflammation are discussed. The mechanisms of immune cell interactions and the cytokines involved in these interactions are summarized. Moreover, the cell death mechanisms (pyroptosis, apoptosis, necroptosis, PANoptosis, and ferroptosis) and pathways after IS are explored. Finally, a summary is provided of the mechanism of action of natural pharmacological active ingredients in the treatment of IS. Despite significant recent progress in research on IS, there remain many challenges that need to be overcome.

Housing Security and Settlement Intentions of Migrants in Urban China.

A huge gap remains in the urbanization rate between China and developed countries, although China has experienced a rapid growth in urbanization rate over the last decade. Critical to the future growth of urbanization is how to increase the settlement intentions of migrants. This study uses land supply for security housing as an exogeneous shock to the supply of security housing in the near future to explore how housing security is associated with intentions to settle down in destination cities of the migrant population. We found that increased land supply for security housing promotes the settlement intentions of migrants. Moreover, housing security is positively associated with permanent settlement intentions, while its relation to temporary settlement intentions is not significant. Lastly, the effect of housing security is larger for households with more housing expenditure. Our results have important theoretical and practical significance for the research on urban development and social welfare.

Housing difficulties, health status and life satisfaction.

This study examines the effects of housing difficulties on life satisfaction. By using longitudinal data from the China Family Panel Studies survey, we find strong evidence that households who experience housing difficulties are less satisfied with their lives than those who do not after controlling for a wide range of household demographic and socioeconomic characteristics and county and year fixed effects. Our estimated results are robust to unobservable household characteristics, model misspecification and selection bias. We also provide explanations for the negative effects of housing difficulties on life satisfaction through which housing difficulties are detrimental to physical and psychological health. Life satisfaction remains negatively associated with housing difficulties even after controlling for health status.

Effectiveness of Yiqi Fumai lyophilized injection for acute heart failure: Rationale and design of the AUGUST-AHF cohort study.

Introduction: The effect of Yiqi Fumai lyophilized injection (YQFM) on acute heart failure (AHF) patients has been evaluated in a large sample, randomized, controlled trial (AUGUST-AHF RCT study). However, restrictive eligibility criteria from a randomized clinical trial may raise concerns about the generalizability of the results to under-represented groups or complex patients with multimorbidity. Therefore, we intend to conduct the AUGUST-AHF cohort study which aims to assess the effectiveness of YQFM in patients with AHF in a real-world setting and compare the results with AUGUST-AHF RCT study. Methods and analysis: This prospective, multicenter cohort study will be conducted at 50 secondary and tertiary hospitals in China and comprise 1,200 patients with AHF. The participants will be followed for up to at least 180 days. The primary outcome is a composite of 90-day all-cause mortality or readmission for heart failure. The secondary outcomes include length of hospital stay, cardiac-specific death, MACE, NYHA cardiac function classification. Cox proportional-hazards regression models will be used to estimate the association between YQFM use and the primary outcome. The primary analysis will use propensity-score matching methods to balance the differences in baseline variables between treatment cohorts. Ethics and dissemination: Approval for the study has been obtained from the Ethical Committee of Dongzhimen Hospital (approval No. 2022DZMEC-327-02) and registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT05586048). The study results will be published in peer-reviewed journals and presented at scientific conferences.