ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: The aim of the study is to review the surgical experiences with pectus excavatum (PE) chest deformities at the Department of Pediatric Surgery, West China Hospital of Sichuan University (Sichuan, PR China), during a 30-year period. METHOD: Records of 398 PE patients (396 congenital, 2 acquired) who underwent surgical repair between 1975 and 2005 were reviewed. Modified sternal elevation was applied in all patients. Repair was performed with subperiosteal resection of the abnormal cartilages, transverse wedge osteotomy of the anterior sternum, and internal support with a metal strut for 1 year. Five technical details were strictly followed for each case. Three hundred twelve patients (78.39%) were followed up from 1 to 16 years. RESULT: There were no deaths. Normal contour of the costal cage was constructed postoperatively in 98.74% (393/398) of the patients. Exercise tolerance was improved, and cardiac function recovered to the healthy level of same age. But pulmonary function recovered slowly after surgery. CONCLUSIONS: The 5 technical details are key principles for sternal elevation. Normal appearance of chest wall can be recovered; normal cardiopulmonary function can be restored by the modified sternal elevation with excellent long-term physiologic, cosmetic results and low rate of complications.
Subject(s)
Funnel Chest/surgery , Adolescent , Child , Child, Preschool , China , Female , Funnel Chest/diagnosis , Humans , MaleABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the characteristics of the preputial development in Chinese boys and indications as well as occasion of circumcision. METHODS: The shape and retractability of prepuce were evaluated in 1,015 Chinese boys from 0 to 18 years old without heteroplasia of prepuce and penis. RESULTS: Ratio of children with phimosis decreases progressively with increasing age, from 64.09% in the first group (0 approximately 3 years old) to 7.66% in the fourth group (11 approximately 18 years old). CONCLUSION: Phimosis and incomplete separation of the prepuce is normal in the neonate and infant. Prepuce will separate from the glans progressively till adolescence, so it's unnecessary to perform circumcision for them when without any complications.
Subject(s)
Penis/anatomy & histology , Adolescent , Child , Child, Preschool , China , Circumcision, Male , Contraindications , Humans , Infant , Infant, Newborn , Male , Phimosis/pathologyABSTRACT
This paper was aimed to detect Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) microcirculatory expression and localization in rat pancreas and intestine. Acute pancreatitis (AP) was induced by twice injections of cerulein (20 mug in total) and acute necrotizing pancreatitis (ANP) was induced by intraductal injection of 5% taurocholate (1 ml/kg.bw). Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and immunohistochemistry (IHC) were used to detect and localize TLR4 in the pancreas and intestine. Results showed that RT-PCR of RNA isolated from pancreatic and intestinal tissue yielded the predicted amplicon for TLR4; IHC analysis localized TLR4 expression to the endothelium of pancreatic arteriole, venule, acinar capillary network and sinusoidal capillary of endocrine islet; TLR4 expression in intestine was principally in the microvascular endothelium and leucocytes within the mucosa lamina propria. TLR4 staining in intestine was more intense in taurocholate-induced pancreatitis (TIP) than that in cerulein-induced pancreatitis (CIP). In conclusion, TLR4 could be detected in the pancreatic and intestinal microcirculation, suggesting TLR4 involved in the microcirculatory impairment in AP; the more intense intestinal TLR4 expression in TIP suggests a potential risk for secondary infection.
Subject(s)
Intestines/chemistry , Microcirculation/chemistry , Pancreas/chemistry , Toll-Like Receptor 4/analysis , Animals , Endothelium, Vascular/chemistry , Female , Immunohistochemistry , Intestines/blood supply , Male , Pancreas/blood supply , Pancreatitis/chemically induced , Pancreatitis/physiopathology , RNA, Messenger/analysis , Rats , Rats, Wistar , Toll-Like Receptor 4/geneticsABSTRACT
OBJECTIVES: To detect Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) expression and distribution in rat pancreas and the change of TLR4 expression in cerulein-induced pancreatitis (CIP). METHODS: Acute pancreatitis was induced by subcutaneous injections of cerulein at a total dose of 20 microg/kg. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was used to detect and localize TLR4 in rat pancreas, and real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to quantitatively determine the expression of TLR4 mRNA in CIP. RESULTS: IHC showed the presence of TLR4 in rat pancreas, and its distribution was specifically localized to pancreatic ductal epithelium, vascular endothelium, and islet. No TLR4 staining was detected in exocrine acinar cells. Real-time RT-PCR results revealed low-level TLR4 mRNA expression in the rat pancreas, and the change of TLR4 in CIP only developed within the first 4 hours, which is a rapid up-regulation process that peaks at the first hour. TLR4 mRNA was sustained at baseline level from 4 to 24 hours. CONCLUSIONS: TLR4 protein was expressed in pancreas and localized to epithelial (pancreatic duct) or endothelial (vessels) tissues; TLR4 responded favorably to the inflammatory process, and the change of expression was characterized as a rapid up-regulation in the early stage of CIP.
