ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has been linked to an increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). To explore the impact of diabetes mellitus (DM) as a cardiovascular risk factor, this meta-analysis quantitatively assessed the association of NAFLD and CVD in diabetic patients. METHODS: PubMed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library database were analyzed until the end of March 2017. Original studies analyzing the association between NAFLD and cardiovascular risk factors in the diabetic population were included. The available data related to outcome were extracted for the effect estimate using a random-effects model. The quality of the included studies was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale. RESULTS: Of the 770 initially identified studies, 11 studies involving 8346 patients were finally included. The Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale scores suggested that the studies included were of high quality. The pooled effects estimate showed that diabetic patients with NAFLD showed a two times increased risk for CVD compared with patients without NAFLD (odds ratio=2.20, 95% confidence interval: 1.67-2.90). Subgroup analysis also yielded a markedly increased risk, with odds ratio (95% confidence interval) values of 2.28 (1.61-3.23) and 1.90 (1.48-2.45) in cross-sectional and cohort studies, respectively. CONCLUSION: This is the first meta-analysis investigating the relationship between NAFLD and CVD independent of the impact of DM. Our findings suggested that NAFLD increases the risk of CVD in populations with comparable DM profiles. Diabetic patients diagnosed with NAFLD might benefit from a more early cardiovascular risk assessment, thereby reducing CVD morbidity and mortality.
Subject(s)
Cardiovascular Diseases/epidemiology , Diabetes Mellitus/epidemiology , Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease/epidemiology , Age Factors , Cardiovascular Diseases/diagnosis , Chi-Square Distribution , Comorbidity , Diabetes Mellitus/diagnosis , Female , Humans , Life Style , Male , Multivariate Analysis , Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease/diagnosis , Odds Ratio , Prevalence , Prognosis , Risk Assessment , Risk Factors , Sex FactorsABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the clinical effect of postconditioning on patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) treated with primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). METHODS: Randomized controlled trials were identified by searching relevant databases published up to April 2nd, 2014. A meta-analysis of eligible studies was performed by Stata 12.0 and Review Manager 5.2 with a fixed-effect model. RESULTS: Ten studies providing adverse cardiac events in a total of 1346 STEMI patients treated with primary PCI were identified. The occurrence of heart failure was significantly reduced in patients treated with postconditioning compared with usual care (risk ratio (RR) 0.533; 95% confidence intervals (CI) 0.368-0.770), whereas non-fatal reinfarction slightly increased in the postconditioning group (RR 2.746; 95% CI 1.007-7.488). No significant difference in total major adverse cardiac events (MACEs) was observed between the two groups (RR 0.876; 95% CI 0.671-1.144). CONCLUSIONS: Postconditioning in STEMI patients undergoing primary PCI significantly reduces the risk of heart failure, but fails to decrease the incidence of total MACEs and the risk of non-fatal reinfarction.
Subject(s)
Ischemic Postconditioning , Myocardial Infarction/therapy , Percutaneous Coronary Intervention , Coronary Circulation , Female , Heart Failure/prevention & control , Humans , Male , Myocardial Infarction/complications , Odds Ratio , Percutaneous Coronary Intervention/adverse effects , Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
Three new diphenylpropanes, Hindsiipropane A-C (1-3), together with one known arylpropyl quinone Griffithane D (4), were isolated from Celastrus hindsii. Their structures were established by 1D and 2D nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopic analysis, and mass spectroscopy. Compound 4 was firstly obtained in this genus. All the isolated compounds were evaluated in vitro for cytotoxicity against four human tumor cell lines (A549, HCT116, MDA-MB-231, BEL7404) by the MTT assay.
Subject(s)
Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/isolation & purification , Biphenyl Compounds/isolation & purification , Celastrus/chemistry , Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/pharmacology , Biphenyl Compounds/pharmacology , Cell Line, Tumor , Cell Survival/drug effects , Humans , Inhibitory Concentration 50 , Molecular Structure , Plant Stems/chemistry , Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization , Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform InfraredABSTRACT
Phytochemical investigation of the roots of Valeriana officinalis var. latifolia resulted in the isolation and characterization of six new acylated iridoids, (5S,7S,8S,9S)-7-hydroxy-8-isovaleroyloxy-Δ4,¹¹-dihyronepetalactone (1), (5S,7S,8S,9S)-7-hydroxy-10-isovaleroyloxy-Δ4,¹¹-dihyronepetalactone (2), (5S,8S,9S)-10-isovaleroyloxy-Δ4,¹¹-dihyronepetalactone (3), (5S,6S,8S,9R)-6-isovaleroyloxy-Δ4,¹¹-1,3-diol (4), (5S,6S,8S,9R)-1,3-isovaleroxy-Δ4,11-1,3-diol (5), and (5S,6S,8S,9R)-3-isovaleroxy-6-isovaleroyloxy-Δ4,¹¹-1,3-diol (6). Their structures were determined mainly by 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopic techniques. We also report herein for the first time the single crystal X-ray structure of compound 1. In addition, the cytotoxic activities of compounds 1-6 were evaluated against A549 (human lung adenocarcinoma), HCT116 (human colon carcinoma), SK-BR-3 (human breast carcinoma), and HepG2 (human hepatoma) cell lines. Compound 6 showed weak cell growth inhibition of A549, HCT116, SK-BR-3, and HepG2 cells.
