Effect of safety and security equipment on patient and visitor violence towards nurses in multiple public hospitals of China during the COVID-19 pandemic: a retrospective, difference-in-difference analysis.

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to analyse whether safety and security equipment decreased patient and visitor violence (PVV) towards nurses in the COVID-19 period and quantify to what extent safety and security equipment affects PVV. DESIGN: Controlled before and after study and difference-in-difference (DID) analysis. SETTING: A large hospital medical group, consisting of three public tertiary teaching hospitals, namely, Xinjiekou Branch, Huilongguan Branch and Xinlongze Branch of Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, located in the west and north parts of Beijing, China. PARTICIPANTS: A panel of nine departments recruited using two-step sampling method, administered online surveys in 2021 and 2022. A total of 632 eligible nurses participated in the survey in 2021 and 725 eligible nurses in 2022. MEASURES: We assessed impacts of the safety and security equipment on the PVV. The policy had been enacted in June 2020, and the corresponding measures were established after mid-December 2020, and therefore, we use a DID design to evaluate changes in nurses' PVV incidence. Departments are classified as either department installed or non installed, and nurses are classified based on their department. RESULTS: Within the treatment group, the incidence of physical PVV significantly decreased from 13.8% in 2020 to 2.0% in 2021. In the control group, the incidence of physical PVV increased from 0.6% in 2020 to 2.7% in 2021. The application of the safety and security equipment decreased the incidence of physical PVV by 13.93% (95% CI: -23.52% to -4.34%). In contrast, no difference was observed between the treatment and control groups for the incidence of psychological PVV (6.23%, 95% CI: -11.56% to 24.02%) and overall PVV (0.88, 95% CI: -20.90% to 22.66%). CONCLUSION: The safety and security equipment reduced the incidence of physical PVV towards nurses. For hospital managers in public hospitals, longer-term strategies roadmap for PVV prevention measures are needed to create a more supportive work environment in employees.

Prevalence of frailty among elderly patients with hip fracture in China: protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis.

INTRODUCTION: Frailty is a clinical syndrome characterised by a reduced ability to adapt to external stressors owing to a reduced physiological reserve, which is caused by degeneration of multiple organ systems. Frailty is particularly prevalent among patients with hip fractures. Research on frailty in China started late; thus, evidence regarding the prevalence of frailty among older patients with hip fracture in China is scarce. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to systematically search for available data on the prevalence of frailty among older patients with hip fracture in China, assess the pooled prevalence of frailty and describe the association between frailty and clinical outcomes. METHOD AND ANALYSIS: We will systematically search electronic databases, including Web of Science, Embase, PubMed, the Cochrane Library, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure and Wanfang data Database, to identify studies on the prevalence of frailty in older patients with hip fracture. Two reviewers will independently identify eligible studies according to defined inclusion criteria and critically appraise them using the Joanna Briggs Institute's standardised critical appraisal tool. Data will be analysed using Stata V.12.0. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: Ethics approval is not required as this review will only include data from published sources. The results will be published in a peer-reviewed journal. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER: CRD42022265321.

[Marker genes of geniposide-induced hepatotoxicity based on genomic strategy].

The aim of this paper was to screen out relevant genes of geniposide-induced hepatotoxicity based on genomics,in order to provide a scientific basis for the non-clinical evaluation of drugs containing Gardeniae Fructus and geniposide. Fifty-five SD rats were randomly divided into normal control group,24 h group and 72 h group. The changes of appearance,behavior and weight of rats were observed after administration by gavage for 3 days. The activities of ALT and AST were detected. Molecular mechanism of geniposideinduced hepatotoxicity was investigated by Affymetrix miRNA 4. 0 and Affymetrix Rat Gene 2. 0 to examine the gene expression levels in Sprague-Dawley rat livers at 24 h and 72 h after administration of overdose-geniposide( 300 mg·kg-1 daily),and then verified by Realtime quantitative PCR. Compared with the normal control group,the activities of ALT and AST were markedly increased. In addition,experimental results indicated that 324 genes were differentially expressed,among which 259 were up-regulated and 65 down-regulated.Nine candidate genes were verified by qRT-PCR,including Bcl2,Il1 b,Tpm3,MMP2,Col1α1,Ifit1,Aldob,Nr0 b2,Cyp2 c23. And Bcl2,Col1α1,Aldob,Nr0 b2 and Cyp2 c23 were found to be correlated with geniposide-induced hepatotoxicity. This study provides an important clue for mechanism of geniposide-induced hepatotoxicity.

Proteomic Investigations of Transcription Factors Critical in Geniposide-Mediated Suppression of Alcoholic Steatosis and in Overdose-Induced Hepatotoxicity on Liver in Rats.

Alcoholic steatosis is one of the most prevalent forms of liver disease, and appropriate insight and application of anti-steatosis drugs must be considered. Geniposide, the major active constituent of the Gardenia jasminoides (Ellis) fruit, has been commonly used as a traditional herbal medicine for the treatment of liver diseases. However, its hepatoprotective effect on alcoholic steatosis has not been reported. Moreover, geniposide overdose-induced hepatotoxicity was demonstrated. Hence, its therapeutic effects and overdose-induced hepatotoxicity in rat models along with corresponding targets, especially the targets of transcription factors (TFs), were systematically investigated in this study by using a concatenated tandem array of consensus TF response elements. The results indicate that geniposide can attenuate alcoholic steatosis and liver injury by enhancing the transcriptional activities of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α and hepatocyte nuclear factors 1α and 4α, while geniposide overdose perturbs other TFs. In addition, therapeutic doses and overdoses of geniposide have differentiated target TFs. This study is the first to provide a systematic insight into the difference of critical transcription factors between the actions of therapeutic doses and overdoses of geniposide, as well as much-needed attention to the important topic of alcoholic liver disease therapy.

Systematic investigation of transcription factors critical in the protection against cerebral ischemia by Danhong injection.

Systematic investigations of complex pathological cascades during ischemic brain injury help to elucidate novel therapeutic targets against cerebral ischemia. Although some transcription factors (TFs) involved in cerebral ischemia, systematic surveys of their changes during ischemic brain injury have not been reported. Moreover, some multi-target agents effectively protected against ischemic stroke, but their mechanisms, especially the targets of TFs, are still unclear. Therefore, a comprehensive approach by integrating network pharmacology strategy and a new concatenated tandem array of consensus transcription factor response elements method to systematically investigate the target TFs critical in the protection against cerebral ischemia by a medication was first reported, and then applied to a multi-target drug, Danhong injection (DHI). High-throughput nature and depth of coverage, as well as high quantitative accuracy of the developed approach, make it more suitable for analyzing such multi-target agents. Results indicated that pre-B-cell leukemia transcription factor 1 and cyclic AMP-dependent transcription factor 1, along with six other TFs, are putative target TFs for DHI-mediated protection against cerebral ischemia. This study provides, for the first time, a systematic investigation of the target TFs critical to DHI-mediated protection against cerebral ischemia, as well as reveals more potential therapeutic targets for ischemic stroke.

[Analysis on composition principles of formulae containing Gardeniae Fructus in dictionary of traditional Chinese medicine prescriptions].

Gardeniae Fructus, which is widely used in health foods and clinical medicines, is a type of edible food and medicine. Dictionary of traditional Chinese medicine prescriptions provides good materials for prescription analysis and the R&D of traditional Chinese medicines. The composition regularity of formulae containing Gardeniae Fructus in dictionary of traditional Chinese medicine prescriptions was analyzed on the basis of the traditional Chinese medicine inheritance support system(TCMISS), in order to provide reference for clinical application and the R&D of new drugs. TCMISS was applied to establish a database of prescriptions containing Gardeniae Fructus. The software's frequency statistics and association rules and other date mining technologies were adopted to analyze commonly used drugs, combination rules and core combined formulae containing Gardeniae Fructus. Totally 3 523 prescriptions were included in this study and involved 1 725 Chinese herbs. With a support degree of 352(10%) and confidence coefficient of 90%, 57 most commonly used drug combinations were screened. Drugs adopted in core combinations were relatively concentrated and selected according to definite composition methods. They were used to mainly treat 18 diseases. Gardeniae Fructus have often been combined with herbs for heat-clearing and detoxification, expelling pathogenic wind, relieving exterior syndrome, invigorating the circulation of blood and gas and promoting blood circulation for removing blood stasis to mainly treat jaundice, typhoid, headache and other syndromes.

[Epidemiological analysis of selected congenital limb malformations in Hengyang].

OBJECTIVE: To describe the epidemiological characteristics of selected congenital limb malformations (CLM) in newborns of Hengyang. METHODS: During the period of 2008-2010, cluster sampling survey was adopted to investigate the congenital limb malformations of neonates born to women resident in Hengyang, including Nanyue District, Zhuhui District, Changning City and Hengshan County. Each newborn was examined for the screening of CLM after birth. Limb malformations were grouped into the isolated (ILM) and the syndromic (SLM) form, depending on associated malformations of the affected. Prevalence rates, CLM spectrum and clinical manifestations were analyzed. RESULTS: A total of 170 CLM cases were identified among 52,307 newborns during the study period, resulting overall rate of 32.50/10(4). The rates for isolated and syndromic CLM were 28.29 and 4.21 per 10 000 births respectively. The rates for polydactyly, congenital talipes equinovarus, syndactyly and limb reduction defects were 13.00/10(4), 9.56/10(4), 5.16/10(4) and 3.63/10(4), respectively. No significant difference in rates of overall CLM or specified CLM was observed across urban-rural, gender and maternal age groups. Of the cases affected by polydactyly, syndactyly and limb reduction defects, malformation involved upper limbs, lower limbs and the both accounted for 68.14%, 14.16% and 17.70%. Preterm birth, low birth-weight, still birth and neonatal death were observed more frequently in syndromic cases than in isolated patients. CONCLUSION: The high CLM prevalence rate and fatality rate in Hengyang suggest that effective measures should be taken to prevent malformations and to improve survival of the affected.