[Analysis of constituents from different parts of Callicarpa nudiflora by UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS].

The aim of this study was to clarify the main components of the green leaves of Callicarpa nudiflora,and to compare the difference of main components between the green leaves,yellow leaves,branches and seeds. In this study,ultra-high performance liquid chromatography tandem quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry(UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS) coupled with the UNIFI scientific information system was adopted. And the identification of the main chemical components of C. nudiflora was combined with reference materials,literatures and online database. In addition,the difference of main components was analyzed by Progenesis QI,principal component analysis(PCA) and orthogonal partial least squares discriminant(OPLS-DA). A total of 57 compounds were identified in green leaves,including phenylpropanoids,flavonoids and iridoids. Among them,the relative content of phenylethanoid glycosides was highest. Furthermore,the PCA analysis showed that there are significant differences in main components of the branches and other parts of C. nudiflora. Combined with OPLS-DA analysis,nudifloside,parvifloroside B and ß-hydroxysamioside were selected as the characteristic components for distinguish the leaves and branches of C. nudiflora. Our study provided a scientific basis for the collection and identification of C. nudiflora.

Preparation of Chitosan and Water-Soluble Chitosan Microspheres via Spray-Drying Method to Lower Blood Lipids in Rats Fed with High-Fat Diets.

This experiment aimed to investigate the effects of the chitosan (CTS) and water-soluble chitosan (WSC) microspheres on plasma lipids in male Sprague-Dawley rats fed with high-fat diets. CTS microspheres and WSC microspheres were prepared by the spray-drying technique. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) micrographs showed that the microspheres were nearly spherical in shape. The mean size of CTS microspheres was 4.07 µm (varying from 1.50 to 7.21 µm) and of WSC microspheres was 2.00 µm (varying from 0.85 to 3.58 µm). The rats were classified into eight groups (n = 8) and were fed with high-fat diets for two weeks to establish the hyperlipidemic condition and were then treated with CTS microspheres and WSC microspheres, CTS and WSC for four weeks. The results showed that CTS and WSC microspheres reduced blood lipids and plasma viscosity and increased the serum superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels significantly. This study is the first report of the lipid-lowering effects of CTS and WSC microspheres. CTS and WSC microspheres were found to be more effective in improving hyperlipidemia in rats than common CTS and WSC.

Hypolipidemic effects of chitosan nanoparticles in hyperlipidemia rats induced by high fat diet.

The aim of this study was to investigate the hypolipidemic effects of chitosan nanoparticles(CTS-NP) preparations with ionotropic gelation, rotary evaporation, and spray-drying technique. Male SD (Sprague-Dawley) rats were separated into five groups, a normal diet group, a high fat emulsions group, a CTS control group and CTS-NP groups treated with two different doses of CTS-NP. The nanoparticles were spherical in shape and had a smooth surface. The size range of the nanoparticles was between 500 and 1000 nm. The apparent serum lipid and plasma viscosity in CTS-NP group was significantly lower than that in the CTS group, as well as the serum superoxide dismutate (SOD) levels was increased. Although no significant difference in adipose tissue was found among the groups, the rats fed on CTS-NP had lower relative liver weight and body weight when compared with those fed on normal diet. This study was the first report of the effects of CTS-NP in the hyperlipidemia rats, and suggests that the CTS-NP could be used for the treatment of hyperlipidemia.