ABSTRACT
Objectives: To analyze follow-up CTs of patients recovering from COVID-19 in Wuhan, focusing on fibrotic change and its relevant risk factors. Methods: From January 13 to February 27, 2020, 166 hospitalized patients meeting our criteria were included. The scores of fibrotic patterns on follow-up CT were evaluated. Patients were designated as group 1 (with CT evidence of fibrotic pattern) and group 2 (without CT evidence of fibrotic pattern). Multivariate logistic regression was performed to explore risk factors for fibrotic change in patients with COVID-19. Results: The follow-up CTs were obtained on 56 days (median, IQR 51-63 days) after symptom onset. Of the 166 patients (mean age, 57 ± 15 years; 69/166 male), 46% (76/166) had CT evidence of fibrotic change and 77% (127/166) were severe or critical cases. Among patients with fibrotic change on CT, 84% (64/76) got a minimal or mild score of fibrosis. The high total score on peak CT, peak eosinophils, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and advancing age were related to lung fibrotic change in patients with COVID-19. Conclusion: Forty six percentages of patients (mainly severe or critical cases) with COVID-19 showed fibrotic change on follow-up CT at early recovery phase, while the extent of fibrosis was not large. The advancing age, high total score on peak CT, peak eosinophils and ESR were associated with fibrotic change depicted by CT in patients recovering from COVID-19. An extended follow up by CT imaging and pulmonary function testing is necessary to fully assess the sequela of COVID-19.
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: /Objective: To evaluate the factor structure of the simplified Chinese version of "Perceived Physical Literacy Instrument" (PPLI) among Chinese undergraduates. METHODS: The PPLI scale (simplified Chinese version) is based on the original 18-item Cantonese version of PPLI scale, which was first constructed and validated to measure the perceived physical literacy (PL) of physical education (PE) teachers and adolescents in Hong Kong. In this study, 622 undergraduates were randomly split into two subsets. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was conducted on the first subset (n = 311) and then confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was conducted on the second subset (n = 311) for the adapted version based upon the first EFA result. RESULTS: EFA led to an 8-item, 3-factor scale and item loadings ranged from 0.68 to 0.93, Cronbach's alpha ranged from 0.79 to 0.83. CFA showed that the construct factor loading ranged from 0.60 to 0.92, which further confirmed the satisfactory factor validity. CONCLUSION: The PPLI (simplified Chinese version) is a reliable and valid instrument to examine the perceived PL for Chinese undergraduates. Unlike the original Cantonese version of PPLI, PPLI (simplified Chinese version) exactly explore the kernel attributes, namely, motivation, confidence and physical competence, and interaction with the environment, of the concept of PL. Build from this instrument, more studies could explore the potential factors that influence the physical activity level, as well as structure appropriate intervention programs to utilize PL as a standard to evaluate the quality of PE courses or foster lifelong physical activity level, among Chinese young generation.
