ABSTRACT
We report a metal-, acid-, and base-free 2-(bromomethyl)naphthalene (2-BMN)-promoted organocatalytic Cloke-Wilson rearrangement of chain doubly activated cyclopropanes for the construction of 2,3-dihydrofurans via a carbocation-initiated tandem intramolecular ring-opening/recyclization process. The strategy is especially suitable for the construction of furan units in complex molecules, providing a solution to the problem of heavy-metal residues in dihydrofuran-containing drugs synthesized by traditional metal-based protocols. Thus, it is of potential interest in synthetic and medicinal chemistry.
ABSTRACT
Amphiphilic networks of perfluoropolyethers (PFPE) and poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) have been achieved to yield optically transparent, mechanically robust films over a wide range of compositions. Telechelic diols of these oligomers were transformed to a photocurable dimethacryloxy form (DMA) and free radically cured at various composition weight ratios to yield free-standing films. Clear and colorless amphiphilic networks could be achieved when low molar mass versions of both the PFPE-DMA (1 kg/mol) and the PEG-DMA (550 g/mol) were used. The bulk morphologies of the samples were extensively characterized by a variety of techniques including ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, dynamic mechanic thermal analysis, small-angle X-ray scattering, atomic force microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and optical microscopy, which strongly suggest that nanoscopic to macroscopic phase-separated materials could be achieved. By incorporating a threshold amount of PFPEs into PEG-based hydrogel networks, water swelling could be significantly reduced, which may offer a new strategy for a number of medical device applications. Along these lines, strong inhibition of nonspecific protein adsorption could be achieved with these amphiphilic network materials compared with an oligo(ethylene glycol)-based self-assembled monolayer coated surface.
Subject(s)
Biomimetic Materials/chemistry , Biomimetics/methods , Crystallization/methods , Ethers/chemistry , Fluorocarbons/chemistry , Nanostructures/chemistry , Nanotechnology/methods , Viruses/chemistry , Macromolecular Substances/chemistry , Materials Testing , Micelles , Molecular Conformation , Nanostructures/ultrastructure , Particle Size , Surface Properties , Viruses/ultrastructureABSTRACT
This article describes a surfactant-assisted approach to the size-controlled synthesis of uniform nanorods of trigonal tellurium (t-Te). These nanorods were grown from a colloidal dispersion of amorphous Te (a-Te) and t-Te nanoparticles at room temperature, which was first formed through the reduction of (NH4)2TeS4 by Na2SO3 in aqueous solution at 80 degrees C. Nuclei formed in the reduction process had a strong tendency to grow along the [001] direction due to the inherently anisotropic structure of t-Te. The formation of Te nanorods could be ascribed to the confined growth through the surfactant adsorbing on the surfaces of the growing Te particles. By employing various surfactants in the synthesis system, Te nanorods with well-controlled diameters and lengths could be reproducibly produced by this method. Both the diameters and lengths of nanorods decreased with the increase of the alkyl length and the polarity of the surfactants. Te nanorods could also be obtained in mixed surfactants, where the different surfactants were used to selectively control the growth rates of different crystal planes. We also observed that the as-synthesized nanorods with uniform size could be self-assembled into large-area smecticlike arrays.
