ABSTRACT
Starch based food packaging has been receiving increasing attention. However, the inherent poor properties of starch restrict its practical applications in the versatile material science field. In this study, a fast, simple, and environmentally friendly route to construct polyfunctional starch/tea polyphenols nanofibrous films (STNFs) by one-step temperature-assisted electrospinning was developed. The effects of introduction of tea polyphenols (TP) on the mechanical and antioxidant activity of STNFs were comprehensively investigated. Results of ABTS·+ free radical scavenging assay showed that the antioxidant activity of STNFs was endowed by addition of TP with optimum mechanical properties confirmed by tensile test. More interestingly, the hydrophobicity of STNFs was improved dramatically with increasing cross-linking time as indicated by water contact angle (WCA) measurement showing no effect on the antioxidant activity of the films. The results of this work offer a major step forward to promote functional starch-based materials for sustainable application in food packaging.
Subject(s)
Antioxidants/chemistry , Food Packaging/instrumentation , Polyphenols/chemistry , Starch/chemistry , Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions , Nanofibers , Permeability , Tea/chemistry , Water/chemistryABSTRACT
Two trials were conducted to assess the effects of tributyrin (TB) supplementation on ruminal microbial protein yield and fermentation characteristics in adult sheep. In an in vitro trial, substrate was made to offer TB at 0, 2, 4, 6, and 8 g/kg on a dry matter (DM) basis and incubated for 48 hr. In an in vivo trial, 45 adult ewes were randomly assigned by initial body weight (55 ± 5 kg) to five treatments of nine animals over an 18-day period. Total mixed ration was made to offer TB to ewes at 0, 2, 4, 6, and 8 g/kg on a DM basis. The in vitro trial showed that TB enhanced apparent degradation of DM (p = .009), crude protein (p < .001), neutral detergent fiber (p = .007) and acid detergent fiber (p = .010) and increased methanogenesis (p < .001), respectively. The in vivo trial showed that TB decreased DM intake (p < .001) and enhanced rumen microbial N synthesis (p < .001), respectively. Both in vitro and in vivo trials showed that TB increased total volatile fatty acid concentration and enhanced fibrolytic enzyme activity. The results indicated that TB might exert positive effects on microbial protein yield and fermentation in the rumen.
Subject(s)
Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena/physiology , Diet/veterinary , Dietary Supplements , Fermentation/physiology , Rumen/metabolism , Sheep/metabolism , Sheep/physiology , Triglycerides/administration & dosage , Amino Acid Metabolism, Inborn Errors , Animals , Bacterial Proteins/metabolism , Dental Enamel Hypoplasia , Diabetes Mellitus , Dwarfism , Fatty Acids, Volatile/metabolism , Female , In Vitro Techniques , Intellectual Disability , Microcephaly , Rumen/enzymology , Rumen/microbiology , Triglycerides/pharmacologyABSTRACT
Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) is well established in most countries worldwide, while it is rarely reported in China. In this report, we have determined the complete nucleotide sequence of a TSWV isolate named TSWV-YN infecting tomato in Yunnan province in southwestern China. The tripartite genome of TSWV-YN was found to consist of L, M and S RNAs of 8910, 4773 and 2970 nt, respectively. The complete genome sequence and the sequence of each genomic region of TSWV-YN from China were compared to those of four other TSWV isolates from Brazil and Korea. The phylogenetic relationship of the Chinese TSWV-YN isolate to other TSWV isolates of different geographic origin, based on the nucleotide sequences of the glycoprotein (GP) and nucleocapsid (N) genes, was also analyzed in this study.
