ABSTRACT
Coronaviruses are a class of RNA viruses that can cause respiratory and intestinal infections in animals and humans. SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, and a novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2 [2019-nCoV]) belong to the family Coronaviridae and the genus Betacoronavirus. At present, the understanding of SARS-CoV-2 is getting deeper and deeper. In order to better prevent and treat SARS-CoV-2, this article compares the infectivity, pathogenicity, and related clinical characteristics of the three human pathogenic coronaviruses, SARS-CoV-2, SARS-CoV, and MERS-CoV to help us further understand the pathogenic characteristics of novel coronaviruses.
Subject(s)
Betacoronavirus/pathogenicity , Coronavirus Infections/epidemiology , Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus/pathogenicity , Pandemics , Pneumonia, Viral/epidemiology , Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome/epidemiology , Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus/pathogenicity , Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 , Antiviral Agents/therapeutic use , Betacoronavirus/genetics , Betacoronavirus/metabolism , COVID-19 , COVID-19 Testing , Clinical Laboratory Techniques/methods , Coronavirus Infections/diagnosis , Coronavirus Infections/mortality , Coronavirus Infections/therapy , Humans , Immunization, Passive/methods , Infectious Disease Incubation Period , Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus/genetics , Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus/metabolism , Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A/genetics , Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A/metabolism , Pneumonia, Viral/diagnosis , Pneumonia, Viral/mortality , Pneumonia, Viral/therapy , Protein Binding , Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus/genetics , Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus/metabolism , SARS-CoV-2 , Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome/diagnosis , Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome/mortality , Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome/therapy , Severity of Illness Index , Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/genetics , Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/metabolism , Survival Analysis , Tomography, X-Ray Computed , COVID-19 SerotherapyABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the application value of CT features of clear cell renal cell carcinoma (CCRCC) whose diameter ≥ 7 cm in predicting its Fuhrman grade.Methods 53 patients with CCRCC confirmed by surgery and pathology were analyzed retrospectively,including 19 patients regarded as a low-grade (Grade Ⅰ and Grade Ⅱ) group,and other 34 ones as a high-grade (Grade Ⅲ and Grade Ⅳ) group.The CT features including necrosis,renal sinus involvement,shape,renal vein invasion,lymphnode metastasis,pseudo-capsule,blood vessels around the tumor and the boundary between the tumor and the perirenal fat were analyzed,and the differences in those CT features between two groups were analyzed with chi-square or Fisher exact test.Results The incidence of fuzzy boundary between the tumor and the perirenal fat in the high-grade group was higher than that in the low-grade group (x2 =6.129,P =0.013),however,the differences of the rest CT features between two groups were not statistically significant (P＞0.05).When the fuzzy boundary was used to predict the high-grade CCRCC,the sensitivity,specificity and accuracy was 61.8 ％,73.7 ％ and 66.0 ％,respectively.Conclusion When the diameter of the tumor ≥7 cm,only the fuzzy boundary between the tumor and the perirenal fat has certain value in predicting high-grade CCRCC.
ABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the value in the diagnosis of tumor of the stomach by hypotonic water filling method com-bined with CT multi planar reconstruction (MPR).Methods CT image data of 21 5 cases with gastric tumor confirmed by operation and pathology in our hospital were analysed retrospectively.Conventional CT enhanced scan was obtained in patients with the stom-ach hypotonic water filling condition,and MPR CT characteristics of lesions were observed.Results In the 21 5 cases of gastric be-nign or malignant lesions,MPR showed 5 pathological types in 210 cases.In the conventional CT examination,the tumor diagnosis rate had obvious improvement in different gastric parts and types of the stomach tumors through CT MPR.Conclusion There is high detection rate in the diagnosis of gastric tumors using hypotonic water filling method with MPR,which can accurately display invasion and metastasis,and reduce the misdiagnosis and missed diagnosis in gastric tumor.
ABSTRACT
Objective To study a characteristic CT sign of pulmonary tuberculosis granuloma and improve the diagnostic accuracy of the disease.Methods The clinical data and CT findings of 32 cases with pulmonary tuberculosis granuloma were retrospectively analyzed.All cases were pathologic confimed by bronchoscopy or biopsy.All the patients had spiral CT scan,of which five had CT enhancement.Results In 51 cases of pulmonary tuberculosis granuloma 32 hadCrawling Sign,which showed the trend that le-sions from the peripheral spread to the hilum of lung along the bronchovascular bundle with the outer part larger than the inside,like a lesion crawled along the bronchial tree.Conclusion TheCrawling Signis a quite characteristic CT sign of the tuberculous granu-loma which can help to differentiate tuberculous granuloma from lung cancer and other lung diseases.