A cross-sectional survey on nutritional risk and prevalence of malnutrition per Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition criteria in patients with end-stage malignant gastrointestinal tumors in a tertiary (A) hospital in Changsha / 中华临床营养杂志

Objective:To investigate the nutritional risk and prevalence of malnutrition in patients with terminal stage gastrointestinal malignant tumors in a tertiary hospital in Changsha.Methods:Cluster sampling was used to conduct a cross-sectional survey of inpatients from Departments of Gastroenterology, Gastrointestinal Surgery, Hepatobiliary Surgery and Oncology in Hunan Provincial People's Hospital from January 2019 to July 2020. Nutritional Risk Screening 2002 (NRS 2002) was used to assess the prevalence of nutritional risk with malnutrition defined as concurrent presence of BMI < 18.5 kg/m 2, poor general condition and NRS 2002 nutritional impairment score of 3. Step 2 of Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM) diagnostic criteria (without whole body muscle mass) was adopted to diagnose malnutrition. Step 3 of GLIM criteria was used to evaluate the prevalence of severe malnutrition. Results:A total of 802 patients registered in the 4 departments were selected for screening via cluster sampling and 514 were enrolled according to the inclusion/exclusion criteria. The prevalence of nutritional risk in patients with terminal stage gastrointestinal cancer was 49.8% (256/514). The prevalence of malnutrition and severe malnutrition per GLIM criteria were 41.6% (214/514) and 18.3% (94/514), respectively.Conclusions:Although nutritional support therapy is not recommended for patients with end-stage cancer. This paper suggests that the prevalence of nutritional risk and malnutrition in patients with end-stage gastrointestinal cancer is not as high as described in some articles.

Poor cardiovascular health status among Chinese women.

BACKGROUND: Systematic investigation and analysis of cardiovascular health status (CVHS) of Chinese women is rare. This study aimed to assess CVHS and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) burden in the Chinese women physicians (CWP) and community-based non-physician cohort (NPC). METHODS: In this prospective, multicenter, observational study, CVHS using the American Heart Association (AHA) defined 7 metrics (such as smoking and fasting glucose) and ASCVD risk factors including hypertension, hyperlipidemia and type-2 diabetes were evaluated in CWP compared with NPC. RESULTS: Of 5832 CWP with a mean age of 44 ± 7 years, only 1.2% achieved the ideal CVHS and 90.1% showed at least 1 of the 7 AHA CVHS metrics at a poor level. Total CVHS score was significantly decreased and ASCVD risk burden was increased in postmenopausal subjects in CWP although ideal CVHS was not significantly influenced by menopause. Compared to 2596 NPC, fewer CWP had ≥ 2 risk factors (8% vs. 27%, P < 0.001); CWP scored significantly higher on healthy factors, a composite of total cholesterol, blood pressure, fasting glucose (P < 0.001), but, poorly on healthy behaviors (P < 0.001), specifically in the physical activity component; CWP also showed significantly higher levels of awareness and rates of treatment for hypertension and hyperlipidemia, but, not for type-2 diabetes. CONCLUSION: Chinese women's cardiovascular health is far from ideal and risk intervention is sub-optimal. Women physicians had lower ASCVD burden, scored higher in healthy factors, but, took part in less physical activity than the non-physician cohort. These results call for population-specific early and improved risk intervention.

[Research progress on chemical constituents and pharmacological effects of Sedum sarmentosum].

Sedum sarmentosum is a traditional Chinese medicine with the clinical effects of clearing away heat and detoxification. It has the pharmacological effects of protecting liver, anti-tumor, anti-fibrosis, anti-oxidation, inhibiting lipid accumulation and immunosuppression. Because of its remarkable effect of reducing enzymes and protecting the liver, it is mainly used for the treatment of various types of hepatitis in clinical application. The flavonoids, megastigmanes, alkaloids, sterols, triterpenes and other chemical constituents in S. sarmentosum are the important material basis for its pharmacological action. In this paper, the research progress on the chemical constituents and pharmacological effects of S. sarmentosum were reviewed, and the research status and research direction of S. sarmentosum were analyzed, in order to provide a reference for its further rational development and application.

Research progress on chemical constituents and pharmacological effects of Salvia miltiorrhiza / 中草药

Salvia miltiorrhiza is a commonly used Chinese materia medica for promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis. It has a wide range of pharmacological effects and is mainly used for the treatment of irregular menstruation, palpitation, insomnia and various cardiovascular diseases, particularly angina pectoris and myocardial infarction. The chemical constituents of S. miltiorrhiza are the important material basis for its pharmacological effects. This paper reviews the research progress of the chemical constituents and pharmacological effects of S. miltiorrhiza. The research status and research direction of S. miltiorrhiza are analysed, which will provide a reference for its further research and development.

Applications of new methods in extraction of flavonoids from Chinese materia medica / 中草药

Flavonoids are widely found in medicinal plants, which have important medical properties. Flavonoids were proved to have many pharmacological activities, such as anti-oxidation, antitumor, antimutation, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial and anti-aging. The extraction of flavonoids is the crucial link in their clinical applications. In recent years, many emerging Chinese medicine extraction methods have also been widely used in the extraction of flavonoids. This paper reviews the current application of new methods for flavonoid extraction, in order to provide references for the extraction, development and utilization of flavonoids. These new extraction methods include supercritical fluid extraction (SFE), ultrasonic assisted extraction (UAE), microwave assisted extraction (MAE), pressurized liquid extraction (PLE), pulsed electric field (PEF) assisted extraction, enzyme assisted extraction (EAE), green solvent extraction, steam explosion assisted extraction, dynamic high pressure microfluidization (DHPM) assisted extraction, etc.

Dosimetric effects of multileaf collimator leaf width on inverse intensity-modulated radiotherapy in intracranial stereotactic radiosurgery / 中华放射肿瘤学杂志

Objective To compare the dosimetric effects of micro-multileaf collimator (MLC)(2 mm leaf width) and conventional MLC (10 mm leaf width) on inverse intensity-modulated radiotherapy(IMRT) in intracranial stereotactic radiosurgery(SRS). Methods In view of the fact that the micro-MLC has a small open field,30 patients with intracranial tumor with a<10 cm diameter were enrolled in this study. Their inverse dynamic IMRT plans were established using conventional MLC (conventional group) and micro-MLC (micro group) with the same other conditions. The radiation doses to the target volume and the organs at risk (OAR) were compared between the two groups with t test. Results Compared with the conventional group, the micro group had a significantly better dose distribution in the target volume (P=0.019). However, there were no significant differences in D98,D95,D50,and D3between the two groups (P=0.774,0.650,0.170,0.080). The micro group had a 58.7% lower mean homogeneity index and a 20.1% higher mean conformity index than the conventional group (P=0.000). The micro group had significantly lower radiation doses to OAR than the conventional group (P=0.044). The mean Dmeanand Dmaxof the brain stem in the micro group were 10.0% and 8.2%,respectively,lower than those in the conventional group (P=0.768,0.753). The mean Dmeanand Dmax of the right eye and left eye in the micro group were 16.5%,19.3%,21.4%,and 13.4%,respectively,lower than those in the conventional group (P=0.572,0.775 and 0.734,0.630). The mean Dmaxof the left lens, right lens, left optic nerve, right optic nerve, and optic chiasm in the micro group were 50.4%, 24.1%, 38.5%, 27.8%, and 5.7%, respectively, lower than those in the conventional group (P=0.172,0.467, 0.521,0.740,0.899). The PRV100,PRV50,and PRV25of the normal tissue in the micro group were no more than those in the conventional group(P=0.839,0.832,0.972). Conclusions In inverse IMRT in intracranial SRS,micro-MLC is better than conventional MLC because it can improve CI of the target volume and reduce the radiation doses to OAR.

Application status and prospect of health management model of continuous chronic disease information based on SWOT analysis / 中国实用护理杂志

With the development of the era of big data,Internet plus,a rapidly aging population has put forward higher requirements for health needs,improve the medical service system,medical institutions to promote functional integration and service mode innovation is an important step in the construction of health Chinese, and construction of "hospital community family" chronic disease health information management has increasingly become a focus on the construction of social medical service system concerned. In this paper, through the SWOT model analysis of China's construction of "hospital community family" chronic disease information model of health management advantages and disadvantages, opportunities, challenges and threats, summarizes the current problems, to improve and promote the health management model of chronic disease information provided the strategy for reference.

Regulation and its signaling mechanism of miR-328on endothelial-mesenchymal transition induced by high glucose of humanumbilical vein endothelial cells / 基础医学与临床

Objective The study is to investigate the role of miR-328 in endothelial mesenchymal transition (EMT)induced by high glucose in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs)and its signaling mechanism.Methods HUVECs were cultured in high glucose environment to induce EMT;The recombinant lentiviruses were created by miR-328 and antagomiR- 328 transfection of HUVECs.The experiment was divided into seven groups: normal glucose;mannitol group;high glucose;miR-328;miR-328 virus negative control;high glucose + U0126;miR-328 + U0126.Double immunofluorescent staining was used to determine expression of EMT markers;Changes in miR-328 expression is examined by RT-qPCR;The expressions of type Ⅰ/Ⅲ collagen,p-MEK1/2 and p-ERK1/2 are examined by Western blot.Results 1)HUVECs showed positive staining for CD31 and α-SMA in high glucose group.2)The expression of miR-328 was up-regulated(P<0.05)in HUVECs treated by high glucose or miR-328.Compared with high glucose group or miR-328 group,miR-328 expression was less pronounced aftertreatment with U0126.3)The expressions of type Ⅰ/Ⅲ collagen increased in HUVECs treated by high glucose or miR-328(P<0.05) Compared with high glucose group or miR-328 group,typeⅠ/Ⅲ collagen expressions were less pronounced after treatment with U0126.4)The expressions of p-MEK1/2 and p-ERK1/2 were increased in HUVECs treated by high glucose or miR-328 in comparison to the control group (P<0.05);a lower expression of p-MEK1/2 and p-ERK1/2 were observed in U0126 group than in high glucose group or miR-328 group.Conclusions The phenomenon of EMT in HUVECs is induced by high glucose with increased expression of miR-328;overexpression of miR-328 induced EMT in HUVECs;miR-328 induced EMT is related with MEK1/2-ERK1/2 signaling pathway.

Association between Helicobacter pylori infection and primary open angle glaucoma : a Meta analysis / 中华实验眼科杂志

Background The incidence of primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) is increasing in recent years.To study the risk factors of POAG pathogenesis is of great significance.Objective This study was to explore the association between Helicobacter pylori infection and POAG pathogenesis.Metbods The Chinese and English literature about Helicobacter pylori infection and pathogenesis from January 2000 to February 2015 was searched in PubMed,Embase,The Cochrane Library,VIP,Wanfang database and CNKI database with computer and supplemented by the relevant references,and these cases-control studies were evaluated using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS).The odds ratio (OR) and 95％ confidence interval (CI) were calculated by using Stata 12.0 statistical software.Sensitivity analysis and subgroup analysis were used to process the heterogeneity (I2) among the studies.The effect size was analyzed using the randomized model in I2 ≥50％ and fixed model was used in I2＜50％.Results Eight cases-control studies from Erope,Asia and North America were included with the NOS scores ≥ 5.The examination methods for Helicobacter pylori included ELISA,Western blot and histopathology among the articles.Helicobacter pylori infection rate was 71.38％ (197/276) in the POAG group,and that in the control group was 42.90％ (151/352).Randomized model analysis showed a significant association between Helicobacter pylori infection and POAG pathogenesis (OR =3.23,95％ CI:1.65-6.23,P =0.001).No obvious interference from any paper was found by sensitivity analysis.The subgroup analysis based on different areas found that Helicobacter pylori infectious rate of POAG patients was highest in Europe area (OR =7.25,95 ％ CI:3.61-14.54,P =0.000,I2 =0.0％),the subgroup based on different detect methods found that histopathological examination had the highest detected rate of Helicobacter pylori (OR=9.13,95％ CI:3.78-22.04,P=0.000,I2 =0.0％),and the next was ELISA assay (OR=2.85,95％ CI:1.40-5.81,P =0.004,I2 =60.4％).No published bias was seen by funnel plots and Egger linear analysis.Conclusions Helicobacter pylori infection is associated with POAG pathogenesis.

Nurses' Practice Environment and Their Job Satisfaction: A Study on Nurses Caring for Older Adults in Shanghai.

AIM: To examine the job satisfaction of nurses who are caring for older adults in healthcare settings in Shanghai, and to explore the underlying factors in order to explain and predict nurses' job satisfaction. BACKGROUND: China has the largest elderly population in the world, and its population is aging rapidly. Studies on job satisfaction of nurses providing care for the elderly in China can help to identify problem areas and develop strategies for the improvement of nurses' working conditions. However, to date, this subject matter has not been thoroughly studied in the Chinese context. Previous studies in other countries show that many factors impact nurses' job satisfaction, with the practice environment being a critical factor. There is a serious nursing shortage in China, especially in the big cities such as Shanghai. Given the increasing care demand of the aging population, learning about the job satisfaction level among nurses who are caring for older adults can provide essential information to help attract and retain nurses in this specialty area. METHODS: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 444 nurses in 22 elderly care institutions in Shanghai. The Chinese version of the Index of Work Satisfaction (IWS) and the Nursing Practice Environment Scale were instruments used. Inferential statistical tests used to analyze the data included Spearman correlation analysis, one-way analysis of variance, and hierarchical regression tests. RESULTS: The average overall IWS (part B) score was 135.21 ± 19.34. Personality, job and organizational characteristics were found to be the most influential factors, and the practice environment was identified as having the strongest impact on job satisfaction (Beta = 0.494). CONCLUSION: Job satisfaction level among nurses who are caring for older adults in Shanghai is moderate, but the data suggest that this could be greatly increased if the nursing practice environment was improved.

Socioeconomic status and the incidence of child injuries in China.

Injuries are the major cause of morbidity among children and one of the leading causes of death for children ages 1-17 years in developing countries. Of particular importance is whether child injuries are equally distributed across all socioeconomic groups and the implications of this question for child injury prevention, but there is a lack of research on the relationship between socioeconomic status and risk of child injuries in developing countries, including China. This study used a provincially-representative, population-based sample of 98,385 Chinese children under age 18 to investigate the relationships between socioeconomic status (SES) and child injuries. Despite the lack of a SES gradient in the overall incidence of nonhospitalized injuries, evidence of SES disparity was found for the overall incidence of H/PD injuries (injuries resulting in hospitalization or permanent disability) and fatal injuries. The odds of getting injured in the poorest wealth quintile were about 1.3 and 3.5 times greater than the odds found in the richest wealth quintile for H/PD and fatal injuries respectively. Further analyses showed that the associations between SES and injuries varied by type and severity of injury, and across different life stages. The findings have important implications for identifying at-risk populations and the optimal times for interventions to reduce different types and severity levels of child injuries.