Serum bile acid profiles are associated with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction in patients with metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease: An exploratory study.

AIM: To analyse the association between serum bile acid (BA) profile and heart failure (HF) with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) in patients with metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD). METHODS: We enrolled 163 individuals with biopsy-proven MAFLD undergoing transthoracic echocardiography for any indication. HFpEF was defined as left ventricular ejection fraction >50% with at least one echocardiographic feature of HF (left ventricular diastolic dysfunction, abnormal left atrial size) and at least one HF sign or symptom. Serum levels of 38 BAs were analysed using ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry. RESULTS: Among the 163 patients enrolled (mean age 47.0 ± 12.8 years, 39.3% female), 52 (31.9%) and 43 (26.4%) met the HFpEF and pre-HFpEF criteria, and 38 serum BAs were detected. Serum ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) and hyocholic acid (HCA) species were lower in patients with HFpEF and achieved statistical significance after correction for multiple comparisons. Furthermore, decreases in glycoursodeoxycholic acid and tauroursodeoxycholic acid were associated with HF status. CONCLUSIONS: In this exploratory study, specific UDCA and HCA species were associated with HFpEF status in adults with biopsy-confirmed MAFLD.

Gradient gyroid Ti6Al4V scaffolds with TiO2 surface modification: Promising approach for large bone defect repair.

Large bone defects, particularly those exceeding the critical size, present a clinical challenge due to the limited regenerative capacity of bone tissue. Traditional treatments like autografts and allografts are constrained by donor availability, immune rejection, and mechanical performance. This study aimed to develop an effective solution by designing gradient gyroid scaffolds with titania (TiO2) surface modification for the repair of large segmental bone defects. The scaffolds were engineered to balance mechanical strength with the necessary internal space to promote new bone formation and nutrient exchange. A gradient design of the scaffold was optimized through Finite Element Analysis (FEA) and Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations to enhance fluid flow and cell adhesion. In vivo studies in rabbits demonstrated that the G@TiO2 scaffold, featuring a gradient structure and TiO2 surface modification, exhibited superior healing capabilities compared to the homogeneous structure and TiO2 surface modification (H@TiO2) and gradient structure (G) scaffolds. At 12 weeks post-operation, in a bone defect representing nearly 30 % of the total length of the radius, the implantation of the G@TiO2 scaffold achieved a 27 % bone volume to tissue volume (BV/TV) ratio, demonstrating excellent osseointegration. The TiO2 surface modification provided photothermal antibacterial effects, enhancing the scaffold's biocompatibility and potential for infection prevention. These findings suggest that the gradient gyroid scaffold with TiO2 surface modification is a promising candidate for treating large segmental bone defects, offering a combination of mechanical strength, bioactivity, and infection resistance.