Global Clue-Guided Cross-Memory Quaternion Transformer Network for Multisource Remote Sensing Data Classification.

Multisource remote sensing data classification is a challenging research topic, and how to address the inherent heterogeneity between multimodal data while exploring their complementarity is crucial. Existing deep learning models usually directly adopt feature-level fusion designs, most of which, however, fail to overcome the impact of heterogeneity, limiting their performance. As such, a multimodal joint classification framework, called global clue-guided cross-memory quaternion transformer network (GCCQTNet), is proposed for multisource data i.e., hyperspectral image (HSI) and synthetic aperture radar (SAR)/light detection and ranging (LiDAR) classification. First, a three-branch structure is built to extract the local and global features, where an independent squeeze-expansion-like fusion (ISEF) structure is designed to update the local and global representations by considering the global information as an agent, suppressing the negative impact of multimodal heterogeneity layer by layer. A cross-memory quaternion transformer (CMQT) structure is further constructed to model the complex inner relationships between the intramodality and intermodality features to capture more discriminative fusion features that fully characterize multimodal complementarity. Finally, a cross-modality comparative learning (CMCL) structure is developed to impose the consistency constraint on global information learning, which, in conjunction with a classification head, is used to guide the end-to-end training of GCCQTNet. Extensive experiments on three public multisource remote sensing datasets illustrate the superiority of our GCCQTNet with regards to other state-of-the-art methods.

Novel biomolecule lycopene-reduced graphene oxide-silver nanoparticle enhances apoptotic potential of trichostatin A in human ovarian cancer cells (SKOV3).

BACKGROUND: Recently, there has been much interest in the field of nanomedicine to improve prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Combination therapy seems to be most effective when two different molecules that work by different mechanisms are combined at low dose, thereby decreasing the possibility of drug resistance and occurrence of unbearable side effects. Based on this consideration, the study was designed to investigate the combination effect of reduced graphene oxide-silver nanoparticles (rGO-AgNPs) and trichostatin A (TSA) in human ovarian cancer cells (SKOV3). METHODS: The rGO-AgNPs were synthesized using a biomolecule called lycopene, and the resultant product was characterized by various analytical techniques. The combination effect of rGO-Ag and TSA was investigated in SKOV3 cells using various cellular assays such as cell viability, cytotoxicity, and immunofluorescence analysis. RESULTS: AgNPs were uniformly distributed on the surface of graphene sheet with an average size between 10 and 50 nm. rGO-Ag and TSA were found to inhibit cell viability in a dose-dependent manner. The combination of rGO-Ag and TSA at low concentration showed a significant effect on cell viability, and increased cytotoxicity by increasing the level of malondialdehyde and decreasing the level of glutathione, and also causing mitochondrial dysfunction. Furthermore, the combination of rGO-Ag and TSA had a more pronounced effect on DNA fragmentation and double-strand breaks, and eventually induced apoptosis. CONCLUSION: This study is the first to report that the combination of rGO-Ag and TSA can cause potential cytotoxicity and also induce significantly greater cell death compared to either rGO-Ag alone or TSA alone in SKOV3 cells by various mechanisms including reactive oxygen species generation, mitochondrial dysfunction, and DNA damage. Therefore, this combination chemotherapy could be possibly used in advanced cancers that are not suitable for radiation therapy or surgical treatment and facilitate overcoming tumor resistance and disease progression.

Timosaponin B-III exhibits antidepressive activity in a mouse model of postpartum depression by the regulation of inflammatory cytokines, BNDF signaling and synaptic plasticity.

The aim of this study was to investigate the antidepressive effects of timosaponin B-III (TB-III) and the underlying mechanism. A postpartum depression (PPD) mouse model was established by the administration of dexamethasone sodium phosphate during pregnancy. Mice with PPD were assigned to the following groups: Model, fluoxetine and high, medium and low doses of TB-III. Post-parturient mice without PPD served as a normal control group. To examine the effect of TB-III, mice were treated with TB-III, then forced swimming tests (FSTs) and tail suspension tests (TSTs) were performed to evaluate depression. Serum and hippocampal cytokines, namely tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1ß, IL-6 and IL-10, were quantified using ELISAs and protein levels of hippocampal brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), glucagon synthase kinase (GSK)-3ß, glutamate receptor subunit 1 (GluR1), postsynaptic density protein 95 (PSD95) and synapsin I were quantified using western blot analysis. Compared with those in the control group, immobility time in the FST and TST, serum and hippocampal TNF-α, IL-1ß and IL-6 levels and hippocampal IL-10 levels were increased significantly in the model group (P<0.01). Serum IL-10 levels and hippocampal levels of BDNF, GSK-3ß, GluR1, PSD95 and synapsin I decreased significantly in the model group compared with the control group (P<0.01). Fluoxetine or TB-III (10, 20 or 40 mg/kg) treatment significantly decreased immobility times in the FST and TST (P<0.01) and significantly reversed the aforementioned alterations in cytokine and protein levels (P<0.01). Thus, TB-III exhibited a protective effect against depression in PPD and such effects may have been mediated via the regulation of inflammatory cytokines, the BNDF signaling pathway and synaptic plasticity-related proteins.

[Study of blood flow improvement of topical application of estrogen on low genitourinary tract and its safety].

OBJECTIVE: The study of blood flow improvement of local estrogen on the low genitourinary tract and its safety. METHODS: The color Doppler flow imaging technique was employed to observe the flow spectrum of genitourinary tract. During the period of February 2007 to December 2010, there were 78 cases of postmenopausal females on local estrogen. The Doppler parameters included vaginal wall, urethra resistance index (RI) and systolic/diastolic ratio and others. And the lower genital urinary tract symptoms, such as sexual satisfaction, vulvovaginitis, urinary frequency, nocturia and other improvements, as well as adverse drug reactions before treatment and after 1 month, 3 months were recorded and analyzed. RESULTS: The results before treatment and after 1 month, 3 months, vaginal wall artery RI were 0.9 ± 0.2, 0.6 ± 0.2 and 0.7 ± 0.3; S/D 8.6 ± 3.7, 6.0 ± 2.9 and 6.4 ± 2.1; urethral artery RI 0.7 ± 0.2, 0.6 ± 0.2 and 0.6 ± 0.2, S/D 6.6 ± 1.9, 3.5 ± 0.7 and 3.4 ± 0.5 respectively. When the pre- and post-treatment indices were compared, the differences were statistically significant (P < 0.01). After using local estrogen in postmenopausal women, the resistance of lower genital urinary tract vasodilation decreased. Sexual satisfaction increased while the morbidities of vulvovaginitis, urinary frequency and nocturia decreased. The difference was statistically significant (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION: Postmenopausal females on topical estrogen may promote the blood circulation of lower genitourinary tract, red.

[Synthesis and spectral properties of cuboid-shaped CdS particles].

Cuboid-shaped CdS particles were synthesized with sol-gel method by using thiourea as surface modifier and characterized by X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, infrared absorption spectrum and fluorescence spectrum. The results show that the sulfur atoms in thiourea molecules coordinate with Cd2+ ions on the surface of the nanocrystals. The thiourea-modified CdS particles have a zinc blende crystal structure and good fluorescent characteristics. The cuboid-shaped CdS particles are probably assembled by hydrogen bonding between primary CdS nanocrystals surface-capped with thiourea. The result will promote the researches into molecular self-assembly of nanocrystals and help develop novel luminescence material.

[Study on surface-capped CdS nanoparticles as fluorescence probes].

In the present paper, CdS nanoparticles of different size surface-capped with thiourea [expressed as CdS/SC(NH2)2] were prepared by sol-gel method, and characterized by XRD, TEM, IR and PL. The results show that the molar ratio of thiourea to cadmium ion has influence on the size and luminescence properties of the nanoparticles. With increasing the mdar ratio of thiourea to cadmium ion in the reactant, the size of the nanoparticles decreases, and the maximum emission wavelength of the nanoparticles shows an obvious blue shift due to quantum confinement effect. The effect of calf thymus deoxyribonucleic acid (ct-DNA) on the fluorescence spectrum of the CdS/SC(NH2)2 nanoparticles was also studied. The result shows that the intensity of fluorescence spectrum of the nanoparticles is quenched by ct-DNA, which is probably caused by the electrostatic interaction between CdS/SC(NH2)2 nanoparticles and ct-DNA. The CdS/SC(NH2)2 nanoparticles are hopeful of being used as fluorescence probes in DNA determination.