Thermal accelerated urease-driven hyaluronan-targeted melanin nano-missile for bio-radar detection and chemodrug-free phototherapy.

Polymer-based nanomotors are attracting increasing interest in the biomedical field due to their microscopic size and kinematic properties which support overcoming biological barriers, completing cellular uptake and targeted blasting in limited spaces. However, their applications are limited by the complex viscous physiological environment and lack of sufficient biocompatibility. This manuscript firstly reports a natural melanin nano-missile of MNP@HA-EDA@Urease@AIE PS (MHUA) based on photothermally accelerated urease-driven to achieve chemodrug-free phototherapy. Compared to conventional nano-missiles that only provide driving force, this photothermally accelerated urease-driven nanomotor is independent of chemodrug to maximise biocompatibility, and achieve ideal therapeutic effect through targeted PTT/PDT. In particular, the thermal effect can not only boost the catalytic activity of urease but also achieve ideally anti-tumor effect. In addition, guided by and AIE PS, the nanomotor can generate 1O2 to achieve PDT and be traced in real time serving as an effective fluorescent bio-radar for intracellular self-reporting during cancer treatment. Finally, the targeting ability of MUHA is provided by hyaluronan. Taken together, this MHUA platform provides a simple and effective strategy for target/fluorescence radar detective-guided PTT/PDT combination, and achieves good therapeutic results without chemodrug under thermal accelerated strategy, providing a new idea for the construction of chemodrug-free nanomotor-therapy system.

The impact of industrial structure adjustment on the spatial industrial linkage of carbon emission: From the perspective of climate change mitigation.

Industrial structure adjustment is an effective way to reduce carbon emissions. When adjusting the industrial structure, changes in the input and output of industrial sectors in one region may cause changes in industrial sectors of other regions, resulting in inter-regional industrial linkages. What is the impact of industrial structure adjustment on the linkages, and how does it impact climate change? The modified gravity model combines the influence and inductive coefficients to build the carbon emission industrial spatial linkage network (ISL) using social network analysis (SNA) in this work with the data of China's 2008-2019 provincial carbon emissions. The impact of industrial structure adjustment on carbon emission industrial spatial linkage network and its effect on climate change mitigation are explored with the help of the STIRPAT model and quality assurance procedure (QAP). The results of this study are as follows: (1) The provincial carbon emissions under industrial spatial linkages show significant network characteristics, the network density increased from 0.1437 in 2008 to 0.323 in 2019. (2) There is a significant spatial spillover effect in the industrial spatial linkage network (2019) centered on Shandong and Jiangsu. The provinces can be divided into 4 blocks, which play different roles in the network. (3) The industrial structure upgrading can significantly promote the carbon emission industrial linkage network and mitigate climate change. (4) The industrial structure rationalization can promote the development of the network and mitigate climate change in the early and late development stages of carbon emissions industrial linkage. In addition, it is necessary for the government to pay more attention to the development level of the carbon emission spatial industrial linkage network when implementing industrial structure adjustment in response to climate change.

How do resource dependence and technological progress affect carbon emissions reduction effect of industrial structure transformation? Empirical research based on the rebound effect in China.

Under the guidance of carbon peak and carbon neutral targets, the industrial structure transformation is vital for carbon emissions reduction in China. However, there is a rebound effect of carbon emissions during the industrial structure transformation. Resource dependence and technological progress have significant impacts on industrial structure transformation and its carbon reduction effect. This paper explores how industrial structure transformation under resource dependence causes the rebound effect from a technological progress perspective. The key results indicate that (1) resource dependence distorts the carbon emissions reduction effect of industrial structure transformation; (2) with the development of technology, the industrial structure upgrading under resource dependence could cause an increase on carbon emissions at the beginning, but the increase would be weakened subsequently, displaying a two-stage feature; (3) the industrial structure rationalization under resource dependence reduces carbon emissions at first, but the reduction would be weakened as the technology develops, then industrial structure's rationalization shows an insignificant impact on carbon emissions, and finally reduces carbon emissions again, presenting a four-stage characteristic; (4) environmental protection technology can correct the distortion effect of resource dependence on the industrial structure rationalization and amplify the industrial structure rationalization's reduction effects on carbon emissions; (5) with the development of energy-saving technology, industrial structure rationalization has a paradoxical impact on carbon emissions, the industrial structure rationalization first reduces, then increases, and finally reduces carbon emissions, indicating an inverted "N" relationship. Finally, policy recommendations for carbon emissions reduction are proposed from the perspective of industrial structure transformation and technological progress.

Photothermal interference urease-powered polydopamine nanomotor for enhanced propulsion and synergistic therapy.

Enzyme-powered nanomotors with active motion have opened a new door in design of biocompatible drug delivery systems for cancer treatment. However, the movement of them still faces huge challenges due to the viscous physiological environment. To address this issue, we developed a photothermal interference (PTI) urease-modified polydopamine (PDA) nanomotor (PDA@HSA@Ur) for deeper-penetration of doxorubicin (DOX) through improved motion. The urease-powered nanomotors can generate self-propulsion via catalyzing decomposition of biocompatible urea into carbon dioxide and ammonia through a self-diffusiophoretic. Meanwhile, when exposed to near-infrared (NIR) laser, the increased temperature of tumors microenvironment from nanomotors can not only induce tumor cell apoptosis but also enhance the biocatalytic activity of urease to improve the motion of nanomotors. Compared to the nanomotors propelled only by urea, PTI nanomotors realize highly effective self-propulsion with improved cellular uptake in vitro. Furthermore, PTI nanomotors display an enhanced anticancer efficiency owing to synergistic photothermal and chemotherapy effect. The PTI reported in this manuscript is the first to provide a thermally assisted method for highly efficient cancer treatment with urease-powered nanomotors in a complex physiological environment through enhanced motion and synergistic therapy.

NIR as a "trigger switch" for rapid phase change, on-demand release, and photothermal synergistic antibacterial treatment with chitosan-based temperature-sensitive hydrogel.

Temperature-sensitive hydrogels have shown good performances as wound dressing owing to their ability to fill wounds in the liquid state and to release drugs in a solid state. However, their treatment efficiency is restricted by the phase transition time. In this study, we developed a photothermal synergistic chitosan-based temperature-sensitive hydrogel, h-EGF-CS/ß-GP-MPDA@Cip, with the unique properties of rapid phase transition and drug release under near-infrared light (NIR). High antibacterial efficiency was achieved when we covered infected mice wounds with hydrogels. The local high temperature produced under NIR illumination not only accelerated the formation of a porous gel to release the loaded drug on-demand, but also dissolved bacteria, achieving synergistic anti-bacterial treatment. In addition, the healing cycle of wounds could be significantly shortened by adding human epidermal growth factor (h-EGF) in the hydrogel. Overall, the developed temperature-sensitive hydrogel could utilise NIR as a "trigger switch" for on-demand drug release and photothermal-enhanced antibacterial treatment during the rapid phase change process.

A Meta-Analysis of Efficacy and Safety of Infliximab for Prevention of Postoperative Recurrence in Patients with Crohn's Disease.

OBJECTIVE: We sought to investigate the efficacy and safety of Infliximab for prevention of postoperative recurrence in patients with Crohn's disease (CD), in a meta-analysis of clinical trial results. METHODS: The Medline, Embase, PubMed, and Web of Science databases were systematically searched for suitable studies. A meta-analysis of enrolled studies was performed to analyze the efficacy of Infliximab on outcomes regarding the prevention of postoperative recurrence of CD. A Galbraith radial plot was used to quantify the heterogeneity. Funnel plot and Egger test were performed to describe the bias of publication. A Forest plot was prepared to indicate the efficacy outcomes. RESULTS: A total of 7 prospective trials were included in our meta-analysis (N=455). The Funnel plot and Egger test showed there was no significant bias in the included publications. The Cochrane collaboration tool indicated that all 7 prospective trials were of high quality. The results of Galbraith radial plot showed that no study was the source of heterogeneity. Compared with the placebo group, Infliximab decreased the rates of endoscopic recurrence (RR =0.421; 95% CI 0.328 to 0.539; p<0.001), and there was a significant reduction in rates of clinical recurrence in the Infliximab-treated group (RR =0.519; 95% CI 0.349 to 0.774; p=0.001). Furthermore, Infliximab treatment did not show adverse effects as other systematic therapeutic drugs, indicating that Infliximab treatment is effective and well tolerated. CONCLUSION: Compared with the controls, Infliximab is a promising therapeutic agent for the management of CD patients.