ABSTRACT
Background: In recent years, there has been a surge in media reports on articles being retracted after publication. This issue has gained significant attention, particularly due to the consecutive large-scale retractions carried out by renowned international publishers, which have aroused widespread concern in the society. Objective: To analyze the data of retracted articles and retraction trends. Methods: The publications were searched through Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC) database and imported into CiteSpace in plain text format, and visual analysis of countries, institutions, keywords, and subject areas were performed to reveal the trends of retracted articles and the worst areas of retraction. Results: From 1990 to 2022, 21,568 retracted articles were retrieved, among which the number of retracted articles increased year by year. China is the country with the highest number of retracted articles; Islamic Azad University is the institution with the highest number of retracted articles. In the analysis of all retracted articles across different subject areas, the number of retracted articles in the field of oncology was the highest; In the keyword cluster analysis of retracted articles within the field of oncology, the most prominent category of retracted articles were related to pancreatic cancer. Conclusions: Scientific and systematic analysis of retracted articles is conducive to improving the quality of papers, raising the level of human research, and cleaning up the research environment.
ABSTRACT
Introduction: Previous studies have reported the slowing of reaction times to attentionally demanding tasks due to a reduction in cognitive resource as a result of chronic high-altitude exposure. However, it is still largely unknown whether this reaction slowness can be attributed to the attentional allocation change and/or response patterns. Methods: To clarify this issue, this study investigated attention-related (N2pc and N2 cc) and response-related (MP and RAP) event-related potentials (ERPs) to identify the performance of a visual search task by individuals who had lived in high-altitude areas for three years compared with those living at sea level. Results: This study showed that the reaction times in response to a visual search task were significantly longer in the high-altitude subjects than in the sea level subjects. Corresponding to this behavioral observation, we found a significantly lower N2pc amplitude and a larger N2 cc amplitude in the high-altitude subjects, suggesting a reduction in spatial attention allocation to the target (N2pc) in these subjects, indicating they need to work harder to preclude cross-talk between response selection and attention direction (N2 cc). Moreover, we also discovered higher MP amplitudes and longer RAP latencies in the high-altitude subjects, which further indicated that these subjects were slower and required greater cortical activation while preparing and executing correctly selected responses (MP and RAP). Conclusion: Nevertheless, this study collectively provided new insights into the attention reaction slowness from high-altitude exposure.
