ABSTRACT
The SnO2 electron transport layer (ETL) for perovskite solar cells (PSCs) has been recognized as one of the most reported protocols due to its processing convenience, high reproducibility, and excellence in device performance. To date, the thermal annealing (TA) process is still an essential step for a high-quality SnO2 ETL to reduce the surface trap density. This however could restrict its processing with high thermal energy input and set a barrier to the easiness of manufacturing such as processing under room-temperature conditions. Herein, we report a thermal annealing-free (TAF) SnO2 ETL by an alternative UV-ozone (UVO) treatment. This technique simultaneously endows the SnO2 ETL with a deeper valence band maximum (EVB) and lower defect density. Furthermore, with this SnO2 ETL, a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 21.46 and 22.26% was achieved based on MAPbI3 and Cs0.05(FA0.85MA0.15)0.95Pb(I0.85Br0.15)3 absorbers, respectively. Importantly, a fully room-temperature-processed (RTP) PSC based on the TAF-SnO2 ETL has been demonstrated with a PCE of 20.88% on a rigid substrate and 15.92% on a flexible substrate, which are the highest values for RTP solar cells.
ABSTRACT
The booming market of portable and wearable electronics has aroused the requests for advanced flexible self-powered energy systems featuring both excellent performance and high safety. Herein, we report a safe, flexible, self-powered wristband system by integrating high-performance zinc-ion batteries (ZIBs) with perovskite solar cells (PSCs). ZIBs were first fabricated on the basis of a defective MnO2-x nanosheet-grown carbon cloth (MnO2-x@CC), which was obtained via the simple lithium treatment of the MnO2 nanosheets to slightly expand the interlayer spacing and generate rich oxygen vacancies. When used as a ZIB cathode, the MnO2-x@CC with a ultrahigh mass loading (up to 25.5 mg cm-2) exhibits a much enhanced specific capacity (3.63 mAh cm-2 at current density of 3.93 mA cm-2), rate performance, and long cycle stability (no obvious degradation after 5000 cycles) than those of the MnO2@CC. Importantly, the MnO2-x@CC-based quasi-solid-state ZIB not only achieves excellent flexibility and an ultrahigh energy density of 5.11 mWh cm-2 (59.42 mWh cm-3) but also presents a high safety under a wide temperature range and various severe conditions. More importantly, the flexible ZIBs can be integrated with flexible PSCs to construct a safe, self-powered wristband, which is able to harvest light energy and power a commercial smart bracelet. This work sheds light on the development of high-performance ZIB cathodes and thus offers a good strategy to construct wearable self-powered energy systems for wearable electronics.
