Two new cephalochromin derivative from the Alternaria sp. ZG22.

Two new cephalochromin derivatives, prenylcephalochromin A (1), prenylcephalochromin B (2), along with cephalochromin (3) were isolated from the Alternaria sp. ZG22 obtained from a Dasymaschalon rostratum collected from the Hainan. The structures of two new compounds were elucidated by comprehensive spectroscopic methods. Compounds 1-3 showed α-glucosidase inhibitory activity.

Protective effects of the preconditioning with different doses of sodium aescinate on tourniquet-induced ischemic reperfusion.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the protective effects of sodium aescinate (SA) preconditioning on the tourniquet-induced ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury after limbs operation. METHODS: Seventy-five patients with grade I-II issued by American Society of Anesthesiology undergoing lower limb operation were randomly assigned to 3 groups: the control group, low-dose SA-treated group and high-dose SA-treated group; each group enrolled 25 patients. The patients were treated with 5 mg and 10 mg SA 30 min before tourniquet inflation in the two treatment groups separately, while the patients in the control group received normal saline. Venous blood samples were obtained before tourniquet was inflated (T0 baseline). And 5 (T1), 10 (T2), 20 (T3) min after tourniquet was released. The nitric oxide (NO), malondialdehyde (MDA) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels were determined by commercial kits. Meanwhile, arterial pressure (MAP) and heart rate (HR) were monitored from an automatic invigilator. RESULTS: In the control group, MDA and NO levels were increased, and SOD and MAP were decreased significantly after tourniquet deflation compared to T0 baseline (P<0.05). After tourniquet deflation, MDA and NO levels in the two treated groups were significantly decreased; meanwhile, SOD levels and MAP were increased, and the variations of HR were more stable compared with the control group (all P<0.05). There was no significant difference in all of the above between the two treated groups (P>0.05). CONCLUSION: The protective effects of SA preconditioning on tourniquet-induced limb I/R injury might possibly contribute to the increasing of SOD levels, and MAP and the decreasing of MDA and NO levels.

[An experimental study on the prevention of enteral bacterial translocation in scalded rats by smectite powder].

OBJECTIVE: To explore the preventive and treatment effects of smectite powder on enteral bacterial translocation in scalded rats. METHODS: Fifty-four Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into three groups, i.e. normal control (A, n = 6), burn control (B, n = 24), and burn treatment (T, n = 24) groups. The rats in B and T groups were fed with tracing bacteria JM109, which was transfected with PUC19 plasmid in advance. The rats were subjected to 30% TBSA scald injury after the plasmid was shown to have colonized in the intestine. Smectite powder (0.6 g/day/kg) was fed to rats of T group immediately after the scalding, while those in B group received no smectite powder. Bacterial translocation in blood and mesenteric lymph nodes in all groups was observed and identified by enzyme digestion at 12 post scald hour (PSH) and on 1, 3 and 5 post-scald days (PSD). The contents of malondialdehyde (MDA) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were determined in rat intestinal tissue. And the degree of injury to the entire small intestine was observed pathologically. The villus height of intestinal mucosa was measured, and the rate of epithelial nuclear splitting of mucosal crypts was calculated. RESULTS: The number of rats with positive blood bacterial culture in B group was obviously higher than that in A and T groups (P < 0.05) on 1 and 5 PSD. The bacterial quantity in mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN) in T group on 1 PSD (38 +/- 16 CFU/g) and 5 PSD (68 +/- 20 CFU/g) were obviously lower than those in B group (228 +/- 67 vs 183 +/- 29 CFU/g, P < 0.05). There was significant difference in the intestinal contents of MDA and SOD between B and T groups at each time point (P < 0.05). The rat jejunum villus height and the epithelial nuclear splitting in the small intestine mucosa in T group were evidently higher than those in B group (P < 0.05 or 0.01). CONCLUSION: Smectite powder is beneficial to the protection of the intestinal mucosa in scalded rats, and can effectively prevent postburn intestinal bacterial translocation in rats.